Projects per year
Personal profile
Research interests
My main research interest is in the area of Clostridium difficile infection and specifically the study of this pathogenic organism in vitro with regard to its pathogenesis. The research areas I have experience in with this pathogen include:
- Susceptibility testing and resistance development evaluations for novel antimicrobial agents
- In vitro assays to assess antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and disinfectants against spores
- Evaluation of novel therapeutics and their effect on the microbial ecology of the gut and C. difficile using complex in vitro models of the human colon
- Studies of C. difficile epidemiology (human and animal/veterinary) in the United Kingdom
I also have experience of working with other pathogenic bacteria in vitro such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. My research with these organisms has centred around:
- determining antimicrobial activity (MIC, MBC, kill curves)
- bacteriophage isolation, purification and efficacy testing
- biofilm studies
Teaching specialisms
Education:
PhD Medical Microbiology (2002-2006) - University of Leeds
BSc (Hons) Biomedical Sciences (class 1) (1998-2002) University of West of England
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Clostridioides difficile in UK pigs and risks to the food chain (Phase 2)
4/09/23 → 3/09/27
Project: Research
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MRC mid-range equipment full application - Anaerobic workstation
Project: Research
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Role of phage transduction in the spread of antibiotic resistance in Clostridioides difficile
5/09/19 → 4/03/21
Project: Other
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Non-Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strain E4 (NTCD-E4) Prevents Establishment of Primary C. difficile Infection by Epidemic PCR Ribotype 027 in an In Vitro Human Gut Model
Etifa, P., Rodríguez, C., Harmanus, C., Sanders, I. M. J. G., Sidorov, I. A., Mohammed, O. A., Savage, E., Timms, A. R., Freeman, J., Smits, W. K., Wilcox, M. H., Baines, S. D., Monchi, M. (ed.), Samarkos, M. (ed.) & Di Bella, S. (ed.), 22 Feb 2023, In: Antibiotics. 12, 3, p. 1-15 15 p., 435.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile5 Downloads (Pure) -
Analysis of biofilm production and expression of adhesion structures of circulating Clostridioides difficile strains from Mexico
Adrian Martinez-Melendez, A., Morfin-Otero, R., Villarreal-Trevino, L., Baines, S., Camacho-Ortiz, A. & Garza-Gonzalez, E., 10 Mar 2021, (E-pub ahead of print) In: Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile5 Downloads (Pure) -
Molecular epidemiology of predominant and emerging Clostridioides difficile ribotypes
Adrian Martinez-Melendez, A., Morfin-Otero, R., Villarreal-Trevino, L., Baines, S., Camacho-Ortiz, A. & Garza-Gonzalez, E., 1 Aug 2020, In: Journal of Microbiological Methods. 175, 12 p., 105974.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
3 Citations (Scopus) -
A laboratory-based evaluation of tube blocking and microbial risks associated with one blended enteral feed recipe
Madden, A., Baines, S., Bothwell, S., Chen, E., Goh, S., Jerome, L., Sommariva-Nagle, C. & Szychta, M., 1 Oct 2019, In: Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 32, 5, p. 667-675 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile5 Citations (Scopus)59 Downloads (Pure) -
High sporulation and overexpression of virulence factors in biofilms and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid in recurrent Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection isolates
Tijerina-Rodrıguez, L., Villarreal-Trevino, L., Baines, S., Morfin-Otero, R., Camacho-Ortiz, A., Flores-Trevino, S., Maldonado-Garza, H. J., Garza-Gonzalez, E., Rodriguez-Noriega, E. & Rodrıguez-Noriega, E., 31 Jul 2019, In: PLoS ONE. 14, 7, p. e0220671 e0220671.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile3 Citations (Scopus)59 Downloads (Pure)