TY - JOUR
T1 - 3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars
AU - Feng, Fabo
AU - Butler, R. Paul
AU - Vogt, Steven S.
AU - Clement, Matthew S.
AU - Tinney, C. G.
AU - Cui, Kaiming
AU - Aizawa, Masataka
AU - Jones, Hugh R. A.
AU - Bailey, J.
AU - Burt, Jennifer
AU - Carter, B. D.
AU - Crane, Jeffrey D.
AU - Dotti, Francesco Flammini
AU - Holden, Bradford
AU - Ma, Bo
AU - Ogihara, Masahiro
AU - Oppenheimer, Rebecca
AU - O’Toole, S. J.
AU - Shectman, Stephen A.
AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.
AU - Wang, Sharon X.
AU - Wright, D. J.
AU - Xuan, Yifan
N1 - © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, to view a copy of the license, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PY - 2022/8/26
Y1 - 2022/8/26
N2 - We analyze 5108 AFGKM stars with at least five high-precision radial velocity points, as well as Gaia and Hipparcos astrometric data, utilizing a novel pipeline developed in previous work. We find 914 radial velocity signals with periods longer than 1000 days. Around these signals, 167 cold giants and 68 other types of companions are identified, through combined analyses of radial velocity, astrometry, and imaging data. Without correcting for detection bias, we estimate the minimum occurrence rate of the wide-orbit brown dwarfs to be 1.3%, and find a significant brown-dwarf valley around 40 M Jup. We also find a power-law distribution in the host binary fraction beyond 3 au, similar to that found for single stars, indicating no preference of multiplicity for brown dwarfs. Our work also reveals nine substellar systems (GJ 234 B, GJ 494 B, HD 13724 b, HD 182488 b, HD 39060 b and c, HD 4113 C, HD 42581 d, HD 7449 B, and HD 984 b) that have previously been directly imaged, and many others that are observable at existing facilities. Depending on their ages, we estimate that an additional 10–57 substellar objects within our sample can be detected with current imaging facilities, extending the imaged cold (or old) giants by an order of magnitude.
AB - We analyze 5108 AFGKM stars with at least five high-precision radial velocity points, as well as Gaia and Hipparcos astrometric data, utilizing a novel pipeline developed in previous work. We find 914 radial velocity signals with periods longer than 1000 days. Around these signals, 167 cold giants and 68 other types of companions are identified, through combined analyses of radial velocity, astrometry, and imaging data. Without correcting for detection bias, we estimate the minimum occurrence rate of the wide-orbit brown dwarfs to be 1.3%, and find a significant brown-dwarf valley around 40 M Jup. We also find a power-law distribution in the host binary fraction beyond 3 au, similar to that found for single stars, indicating no preference of multiplicity for brown dwarfs. Our work also reveals nine substellar systems (GJ 234 B, GJ 494 B, HD 13724 b, HD 182488 b, HD 39060 b and c, HD 4113 C, HD 42581 d, HD 7449 B, and HD 984 b) that have previously been directly imaged, and many others that are observable at existing facilities. Depending on their ages, we estimate that an additional 10–57 substellar objects within our sample can be detected with current imaging facilities, extending the imaged cold (or old) giants by an order of magnitude.
KW - 340
KW - Stars and Stellar Physics
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57
DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57
M3 - Article
SN - 0067-0049
VL - 262
SP - 21
JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
IS - 1
ER -