TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe
AU - Kukkonen, J.
AU - Olsson, T.
AU - Schultz, D. M.
AU - Baklanov, A.
AU - Klein, T.
AU - Miranda, A. I.
AU - Monteiro, A.
AU - Hirtl, M.
AU - Tarvainen, V.
AU - Boy, M.
AU - Peuch, V. -H.
AU - Poupkou, A.
AU - Kioutsioukis, I.
AU - Finardi, S.
AU - Sofiev, M.
AU - Sokhi, R.
AU - Lehtinen, K. E. J.
AU - Karatzas, K.
AU - San Jose, R.
AU - Astitha, M.
AU - Kallos, G.
AU - Schaap, M.
AU - Reimer, E.
AU - Jakobs, H.
AU - Eben, K.
PY - 2012/1
Y1 - 2012/1
N2 - Numerical models that combine weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry are here referred to as chemical weather forecasting models. Eighteen operational chemical weather forecasting models on regional and continental scales in Europe are described and compared in this article. Topics discussed in this article include how weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry models are integrated into chemical weather forecasting systems, how physical processes are incorporated into the models through parameterization schemes, how the model architecture affects the predicted variables, and how air chemistry and aerosol processes are formulated. In addition, we discuss sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the models, user operational requirements, such as model availability and documentation, and output availability and dissemination. In this manner, this article allows for the evaluation of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various modelling systems and modelling approaches. Finally, this article highlights the most prominent gaps of knowledge for chemical weather forecasting models and suggests potential priorities for future research directions, for the following selected focus areas: emission inventories, the integration of numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemical transport models, boundary conditions and nesting of models, data assimilation of the various chemical species, improved understanding and parameterization of physical processes, better evaluation of models against data and the construction of model ensembles.
AB - Numerical models that combine weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry are here referred to as chemical weather forecasting models. Eighteen operational chemical weather forecasting models on regional and continental scales in Europe are described and compared in this article. Topics discussed in this article include how weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry models are integrated into chemical weather forecasting systems, how physical processes are incorporated into the models through parameterization schemes, how the model architecture affects the predicted variables, and how air chemistry and aerosol processes are formulated. In addition, we discuss sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the models, user operational requirements, such as model availability and documentation, and output availability and dissemination. In this manner, this article allows for the evaluation of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various modelling systems and modelling approaches. Finally, this article highlights the most prominent gaps of knowledge for chemical weather forecasting models and suggests potential priorities for future research directions, for the following selected focus areas: emission inventories, the integration of numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemical transport models, boundary conditions and nesting of models, data assimilation of the various chemical species, improved understanding and parameterization of physical processes, better evaluation of models against data and the construction of model ensembles.
KW - AIR-QUALITY MODELS
KW - LONG-RANGE-TRANSPORT
KW - ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS
KW - PARTICLE DRY-DEPOSITION
KW - ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS
KW - NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL
KW - DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT FORMULATIONS
KW - CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS NEARBY
KW - THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
KW - CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME
U2 - 10.5194/acp-12-1-2012
DO - 10.5194/acp-12-1-2012
M3 - Article
SN - 1680-7316
VL - 12
SP - 187
JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
IS - 1
ER -