TY - JOUR
T1 - A Study of Phase Change Materials for Energy Conservation in Classic Multi-Layered Victorian-era Buildings: A Practical Approach for Balancing Heritage Preservation and Climate Neutrality in Temperate Climates
AU - Achaku, Ronny
AU - Li, Liang
AU - CHEN, Yong Kang
N1 - © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140075
PY - 2025/1/27
Y1 - 2025/1/27
N2 - An integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building designs presents a promising avenue for energy conservation, temperature stabilisation and zero emissions. European countries, renowned for their historical Victorian-era buildings, grapple with the challenge of balancing preservation imperatives with modern energy efficiency requirements. This study investigates the high efficacy of PCM integration in a typical thick multi-layer structure characterised by the external walls of Victorian-era buildings in a temperate climate, aiming to align with the EU's climate-neutral strategy by 2050 while safeguarding heritage structures. The experimental findings have shown that PCM layers positioned near the outer wall of multi-layered structures in temperate climates often failed to attain the requisite phase change temperatures. However, the identified optimal placements between 88 % and 93 % away from the wall's external surface resulted in significant energy savings. Typically, a reduction in cooling energy consumption by 5.3–6.2 % was observed. The strategic positioning of the PCM layers contributed to enhanced indoor comfort levels, as evidenced by an expanded temperature range up to 7.9 °C and mitigated peak temperature fluctuations of 1.74 °C to 2.0 °C. These findings underscore the practical benefits of PCM application in thick and multi-layered building designs. By bolstering peak temperature reduction and thermal regulation without compromising architectural integrity, a PCM integration has the potential to be a viable solution to the challenges posed by energy consumption in historical buildings.
AB - An integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building designs presents a promising avenue for energy conservation, temperature stabilisation and zero emissions. European countries, renowned for their historical Victorian-era buildings, grapple with the challenge of balancing preservation imperatives with modern energy efficiency requirements. This study investigates the high efficacy of PCM integration in a typical thick multi-layer structure characterised by the external walls of Victorian-era buildings in a temperate climate, aiming to align with the EU's climate-neutral strategy by 2050 while safeguarding heritage structures. The experimental findings have shown that PCM layers positioned near the outer wall of multi-layered structures in temperate climates often failed to attain the requisite phase change temperatures. However, the identified optimal placements between 88 % and 93 % away from the wall's external surface resulted in significant energy savings. Typically, a reduction in cooling energy consumption by 5.3–6.2 % was observed. The strategic positioning of the PCM layers contributed to enhanced indoor comfort levels, as evidenced by an expanded temperature range up to 7.9 °C and mitigated peak temperature fluctuations of 1.74 °C to 2.0 °C. These findings underscore the practical benefits of PCM application in thick and multi-layered building designs. By bolstering peak temperature reduction and thermal regulation without compromising architectural integrity, a PCM integration has the potential to be a viable solution to the challenges posed by energy consumption in historical buildings.
KW - Thermal energy storage (TES)
KW - Phase change materials (PCMs)
KW - Multi-layer
KW - Buildings
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85215958799&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140075
DO - 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140075
M3 - Article
SN - 0950-0618
VL - 464
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - Construction and Building Materials
JF - Construction and Building Materials
M1 - 140075
ER -