TY - JOUR
T1 - A study on usability and security features of the Android pattern lock screen
AU - Andriotis, Panagiotis
AU - Oikonomou, George
AU - Mylonas, Alexios
AU - Tryfonas, Theo
PY - 2016/3/14
Y1 - 2016/3/14
N2 - Purpose: - The Android pattern lock screen (or graphical password) is a popular user authentication method that relies on the advantages provided by the visual representation of a password, which enhance its memorability. Graphical passwords are vulnerable to attacks (e.g. shoulder surffing); thus, the need for more complex passwords becomes apparent. This paper aims to focus on the features that constitute a usable and secure pattern and investigate the existence of heuristic and physical rules that possibly dictate the formation of a pattern. Design/methodology/approach: - The authors conducted a survey to study the users' understanding of the security and usability of the pattern lock screen. The authors developed an Android application that collects graphical passwords, by simulating user authentication in a mobile device. This avoids any potential bias that is introduced when the survey participants are not interacting with a mobile device while forming graphical passwords (e.g. in Web or hard-copy surveys). Findings: - The findings verify and enrich previous knowledge for graphical passwords, namely, that users mostly prefer usability than security. Using the survey results, the authors demonstrate how biased input impairs security by shrinking the available password space. Research limitations/implications: - The sample's demographics may affect our findings. Therefore, future work can focus onthe replication of our work in a sample with different demographics. Originality/value: - The authors define metrics that measure the usability of a pattern (handedness, directionality and symmetry) and investigate their impact to its formation. The authors propose a security assessment scheme using features in a pattern (e.g. the existence of knight moves or overlapping nodes) to evaluate its security strengths.
AB - Purpose: - The Android pattern lock screen (or graphical password) is a popular user authentication method that relies on the advantages provided by the visual representation of a password, which enhance its memorability. Graphical passwords are vulnerable to attacks (e.g. shoulder surffing); thus, the need for more complex passwords becomes apparent. This paper aims to focus on the features that constitute a usable and secure pattern and investigate the existence of heuristic and physical rules that possibly dictate the formation of a pattern. Design/methodology/approach: - The authors conducted a survey to study the users' understanding of the security and usability of the pattern lock screen. The authors developed an Android application that collects graphical passwords, by simulating user authentication in a mobile device. This avoids any potential bias that is introduced when the survey participants are not interacting with a mobile device while forming graphical passwords (e.g. in Web or hard-copy surveys). Findings: - The findings verify and enrich previous knowledge for graphical passwords, namely, that users mostly prefer usability than security. Using the survey results, the authors demonstrate how biased input impairs security by shrinking the available password space. Research limitations/implications: - The sample's demographics may affect our findings. Therefore, future work can focus onthe replication of our work in a sample with different demographics. Originality/value: - The authors define metrics that measure the usability of a pattern (handedness, directionality and symmetry) and investigate their impact to its formation. The authors propose a security assessment scheme using features in a pattern (e.g. the existence of knight moves or overlapping nodes) to evaluate its security strengths.
KW - Authentication
KW - Graphical password
KW - Pattern
KW - User
KW - Vulnerability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959328834&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1108/ICS-01-2015-0001
DO - 10.1108/ICS-01-2015-0001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84959328834
VL - 24
SP - 53
EP - 72
JO - Information and Computer Security (ICS)
JF - Information and Computer Security (ICS)
IS - 1
ER -