A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: I. The nonthermal radio population

Jan Forbrich; Sergio A. Dzib; Mark J. Reid; Karl M. Menten

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e

A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: I. The nonthermal radio population

Jan Forbrich, Sergio A. Dzib, Mark J. Reid, Karl M. Menten

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

37 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

We present first results of a four-epoch VLBA survey for nonthermal emission toward all 556 compact radio sources previously identified in a deep VLA survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We identify VLBA counterparts toward an unprecedented 123 sources. Of these, 41 do not have X-ray counterparts, of which 34 also do not display near-infrared counterparts. Since these cannot be explained by extragalactic background sources, this suggests a component of the ONC population of young stellar objects that are too deeply embedded for even X-rays to be detectable. We find pervasive variability and detect even most of the highest-S/N sources in only one out of four epochs. Neither a negative spectral index nor extreme variability in the VLA data is a good predictor of a VLBA detection.

Original language	English
Article number	23
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	906
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e
Publication status	Published - 4 Jan 2021

Access to Document

10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e

2011.09329v1
© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Accepted author manuscript, 189 KBLicence: Other

Cite this

@article{79620338982c43abaa6a9ab411d33aa7,

title = "A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: I. The nonthermal radio population",

abstract = "We present first results of a four-epoch VLBA survey for nonthermal emission toward all 556 compact radio sources previously identified in a deep VLA survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We identify VLBA counterparts toward an unprecedented 123 sources. Of these, 41 do not have X-ray counterparts, of which 34 also do not display near-infrared counterparts. Since these cannot be explained by extragalactic background sources, this suggests a component of the ONC population of young stellar objects that are too deeply embedded for even X-rays to be detectable. We find pervasive variability and detect even most of the highest-S/N sources in only one out of four epochs. Neither a negative spectral index nor extreme variability in the VLA data is a good predictor of a VLBA detection. ",

author = "Jan Forbrich and Dzib, \{Sergio A.\} and Reid, \{Mark J.\} and Menten, \{Karl M.\}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank the anonymous referee for helpful and constructive comments that lead to an improved presentation of our results. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2021",

month = jan,

day = "4",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e",

language = "English",

volume = "906",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: I. The nonthermal radio population

AU - Forbrich, Jan

AU - Dzib, Sergio A.

AU - Reid, Mark J.

AU - Menten, Karl M.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the anonymous referee for helpful and constructive comments that lead to an improved presentation of our results. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Publisher Copyright: © 2021. The American Astronomical Society.

PY - 2021/1/4

Y1 - 2021/1/4

N2 - We present first results of a four-epoch VLBA survey for nonthermal emission toward all 556 compact radio sources previously identified in a deep VLA survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We identify VLBA counterparts toward an unprecedented 123 sources. Of these, 41 do not have X-ray counterparts, of which 34 also do not display near-infrared counterparts. Since these cannot be explained by extragalactic background sources, this suggests a component of the ONC population of young stellar objects that are too deeply embedded for even X-rays to be detectable. We find pervasive variability and detect even most of the highest-S/N sources in only one out of four epochs. Neither a negative spectral index nor extreme variability in the VLA data is a good predictor of a VLBA detection.

AB - We present first results of a four-epoch VLBA survey for nonthermal emission toward all 556 compact radio sources previously identified in a deep VLA survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). We identify VLBA counterparts toward an unprecedented 123 sources. Of these, 41 do not have X-ray counterparts, of which 34 also do not display near-infrared counterparts. Since these cannot be explained by extragalactic background sources, this suggests a component of the ONC population of young stellar objects that are too deeply embedded for even X-rays to be detectable. We find pervasive variability and detect even most of the highest-S/N sources in only one out of four epochs. Neither a negative spectral index nor extreme variability in the VLA data is a good predictor of a VLBA detection.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85099239820

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/abc68e

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 906

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 23

ER -

A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: I. The nonthermal radio population

Abstract

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this