An Artificial Synapse Capable of Regulating Signal Transmission Speed in A Neuromorphic Network

The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important abilities of the biological nervous system. This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region, starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) of synapses. Building upon the Hodgkin-Huxley model, the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated, proposing the adaptive growth neuron (AGN) model. Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed. The artificial synaptic structure has unidirectionality, memory capacity, and STDP, allowing it to connect neuronal physical nodes using branching and merging structures. Furthermore, the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed, regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network, and promote information interaction. The findings of this study will endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term, providing new insights for the development of neuromorphic networks.