TY - JOUR
T1 - Appraisal of measurement methods, chemical composition and sources of fine atmospheric particles over six different areas of Northern Belgium
AU - Bencs, L.
AU - Ravindra, K.
AU - de Hoog, J.
AU - Spolnik, Z.
AU - Bleux, N.
AU - Berghmans, P.
AU - Deutsch, F.
AU - Roekens, E.
AU - Van Grieken, R.
N1 - Original article can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02697491 Copyright Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM2.5 were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM2.5 mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 2-6 % of the PM2.5 mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (2-9) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM2.5 ranged between 3-77 % (averages: 12-32 %), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution.
AB - Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM2.5 were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM2.5 mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 2-6 % of the PM2.5 mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (2-9) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM2.5 ranged between 3-77 % (averages: 12-32 %), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution.
KW - respirable particles
KW - heavy metals
KW - mineral content
KW - EDXRF analysis
KW - multivariate analysis
KW - non-exhaust emission
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.012
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.012
M3 - Article
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 158
SP - 3421
EP - 3430
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - 11
ER -