TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue in the guinea pig, rabbit and pig, and implications for their use in drug development
AU - Merchant, Hamid A.
AU - McConnell, Emma L.
AU - Liu, Fang
AU - Ramaswamy, Chandrasekaran
AU - Kulkarni, Rucha P.
AU - Basit, Abdul W.
AU - Murdan, Sudaxshina
N1 - Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/1/18
Y1 - 2011/1/18
N2 - Laboratory animals are often used in drug delivery and research. However, basic information about their gastrointestinal pH, fluid volume, and lymphoid tissue is not completely known. We have investigated these post-mortem in healthy guinea pigs, rabbits and pigs, to assess their suitability for pre-clinical studies by comparing the results with reported human literature. The mean gastric pH (fed ad libitum) was 2.9 and 4.4 in guinea pig and pig, respectively. In contrast, a very low pH (1.6) was recorded in the rabbits. The small intestinal pH was found in the range of 6.4-7.4 in the guinea pigs and rabbits, whereas lower pH (6.1-6.7) was recorded in the pig, which may have consequences for ionisable or pH responsive systems when tested in pig. A relatively lower pH than in the small intestine was found in the caecum (6.0-6.4) and colon (6.1-6.6) of the guinea pig, rabbit and the pig. The water content in the gastrointestinal tract of guinea pig, rabbit and pig was 51g, 153g and 1546g, respectively. When normalized to the body weight, the guinea pig, had larger amounts of water compared to the rabbit and the pig (guinea pig>rabbit>pig); in contrast, a reverse order was found when normalized to per unit length of the gut (guinea pig)
AB - Laboratory animals are often used in drug delivery and research. However, basic information about their gastrointestinal pH, fluid volume, and lymphoid tissue is not completely known. We have investigated these post-mortem in healthy guinea pigs, rabbits and pigs, to assess their suitability for pre-clinical studies by comparing the results with reported human literature. The mean gastric pH (fed ad libitum) was 2.9 and 4.4 in guinea pig and pig, respectively. In contrast, a very low pH (1.6) was recorded in the rabbits. The small intestinal pH was found in the range of 6.4-7.4 in the guinea pigs and rabbits, whereas lower pH (6.1-6.7) was recorded in the pig, which may have consequences for ionisable or pH responsive systems when tested in pig. A relatively lower pH than in the small intestine was found in the caecum (6.0-6.4) and colon (6.1-6.6) of the guinea pig, rabbit and the pig. The water content in the gastrointestinal tract of guinea pig, rabbit and pig was 51g, 153g and 1546g, respectively. When normalized to the body weight, the guinea pig, had larger amounts of water compared to the rabbit and the pig (guinea pig>rabbit>pig); in contrast, a reverse order was found when normalized to per unit length of the gut (guinea pig)
KW - Body Fluids
KW - Models, Animal
KW - Swine
KW - Animals
KW - Guinea Pigs
KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
KW - Rabbits
KW - Drug Design
KW - Lymphoid Tissue
KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
KW - Species Specificity
KW - Male
KW - Gastrointestinal Tract
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.09.019
DO - 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.09.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 20932902
SN - 1879-0720
VL - 42
SP - 3
EP - 10
JO - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
IS - 1-2
ER -