Bass Liii:: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei

Kriti Kamal Gupta; Claudio Ricci; Alessia Tortosa; Matthew J. Temple; Michael J. Koss; Benny Trakhtenbrot; Franz E. Bauer; Ezequiel Treister; Richard Mushotzky; Elias Kammoun; Iossif Papadakis; Kyuseok Oh; Alejandra Rojas; Chin-Shin Chang; Yaherlyn Diaz; Arghajit Jana; Darshan Kakkad; Ignacio del Moral-Castro; Alessandro Peca; Meredith C. Powell; Daniel Stern; C. Megan Urry; Fiona Harrison

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8

Bass Liii: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei

Kriti Kamal Gupta, Claudio Ricci, Alessia Tortosa, Matthew J. Temple, Michael J. Koss, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Franz E. Bauer, Ezequiel Treister, Richard Mushotzky, Elias Kammoun, Iossif Papadakis, Kyuseok Oh, Alejandra Rojas, Chin-Shin Chang, Yaherlyn Diaz, Arghajit Jana, Darshan Kakkad, Ignacio del Moral-Castro, Alessandro Peca, Meredith C. PowellDaniel Stern, C. Megan Urry, Fiona Harrison

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Abstract

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) emit radiation via accretion across the entire energy spectrum. While the standard disk and corona model can somewhat describe this emission, it fails to predict specific features such as the soft X-ray excess, the short-term optical/UV variability, and the observed UV/X-ray correlation in AGN. In this context, the fraction of AGN emission in different bands (i.e., bolometric corrections) can be useful to better understand the accretion physics of AGN. Past studies have shown that the X-ray bolometric corrections are strongly dependent on the physical properties of AGN, such as their luminosities and Eddington ratios. However, since these two parameters depend on each other, it has been unclear which is the main driver of the X-ray bolometric corrections. We present here results from a large study of hard X-ray-selected (14-195 keV) nearby ($z

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	86-95
Number of pages	9
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	990
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8
Publication status	Published - 29 Aug 2025

Keywords

astro-ph.GA
astro-ph.HE

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10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8Licence: CC BY

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© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, to view a copy of the license, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 975 KBLicence: CC BY

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Gupta, K. K., Ricci, C., Tortosa, A., Temple, M. J., Koss, M. J., Trakhtenbrot, B., Bauer, F. E., Treister, E., Mushotzky, R., Kammoun, E., Papadakis, I., Oh, K., Rojas, A., Chang, C.-S., Diaz, Y., Jana, A., Kakkad, D., Moral-Castro, I. D., Peca, A., ... Harrison, F. (2025). Bass Liii: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal, 990, 86-95. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8

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title = "Bass Liii:: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei",

abstract = "Active galactic nuclei (AGN) emit radiation via accretion across the entire energy spectrum. While the standard disk and corona model can somewhat describe this emission, it fails to predict specific features such as the soft X-ray excess, the short-term optical/UV variability, and the observed UV/X-ray correlation in AGN. In this context, the fraction of AGN emission in different bands (i.e., bolometric corrections) can be useful to better understand the accretion physics of AGN. Past studies have shown that the X-ray bolometric corrections are strongly dependent on the physical properties of AGN, such as their luminosities and Eddington ratios. However, since these two parameters depend on each other, it has been unclear which is the main driver of the X-ray bolometric corrections. We present here results from a large study of hard X-ray-selected (14-195 keV) nearby (\$z",

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author = "Gupta, \{Kriti Kamal\} and Claudio Ricci and Alessia Tortosa and Temple, \{Matthew J.\} and Koss, \{Michael J.\} and Benny Trakhtenbrot and Bauer, \{Franz E.\} and Ezequiel Treister and Richard Mushotzky and Elias Kammoun and Iossif Papadakis and Kyuseok Oh and Alejandra Rojas and Chin-Shin Chang and Yaherlyn Diaz and Arghajit Jana and Darshan Kakkad and Moral-Castro, \{Ignacio del\} and Alessandro Peca and Powell, \{Meredith C.\} and Daniel Stern and Urry, \{C. Megan\} and Fiona Harrison",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, to view a copy of the license, see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "29",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8",

language = "English",

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Gupta, KK, Ricci, C, Tortosa, A, Temple, MJ, Koss, MJ, Trakhtenbrot, B, Bauer, FE, Treister, E, Mushotzky, R, Kammoun, E, Papadakis, I, Oh, K, Rojas, A, Chang, C-S, Diaz, Y, Jana, A, Kakkad, D, Moral-Castro, ID, Peca, A, Powell, MC, Stern, D, Urry, CM & Harrison, F 2025, 'Bass Liii: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 990, pp. 86-95. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8

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T1 - Bass Liii:

T2 - The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei

AU - Gupta, Kriti Kamal

AU - Ricci, Claudio

AU - Tortosa, Alessia

AU - Temple, Matthew J.

AU - Koss, Michael J.

AU - Trakhtenbrot, Benny

AU - Bauer, Franz E.

AU - Treister, Ezequiel

AU - Mushotzky, Richard

AU - Kammoun, Elias

AU - Papadakis, Iossif

AU - Oh, Kyuseok

AU - Rojas, Alejandra

AU - Chang, Chin-Shin

AU - Diaz, Yaherlyn

AU - Jana, Arghajit

AU - Kakkad, Darshan

AU - Moral-Castro, Ignacio del

AU - Peca, Alessandro

AU - Powell, Meredith C.

AU - Stern, Daniel

AU - Urry, C. Megan

AU - Harrison, Fiona

PY - 2025/8/29

Y1 - 2025/8/29

N2 - Active galactic nuclei (AGN) emit radiation via accretion across the entire energy spectrum. While the standard disk and corona model can somewhat describe this emission, it fails to predict specific features such as the soft X-ray excess, the short-term optical/UV variability, and the observed UV/X-ray correlation in AGN. In this context, the fraction of AGN emission in different bands (i.e., bolometric corrections) can be useful to better understand the accretion physics of AGN. Past studies have shown that the X-ray bolometric corrections are strongly dependent on the physical properties of AGN, such as their luminosities and Eddington ratios. However, since these two parameters depend on each other, it has been unclear which is the main driver of the X-ray bolometric corrections. We present here results from a large study of hard X-ray-selected (14-195 keV) nearby ($z

AB - Active galactic nuclei (AGN) emit radiation via accretion across the entire energy spectrum. While the standard disk and corona model can somewhat describe this emission, it fails to predict specific features such as the soft X-ray excess, the short-term optical/UV variability, and the observed UV/X-ray correlation in AGN. In this context, the fraction of AGN emission in different bands (i.e., bolometric corrections) can be useful to better understand the accretion physics of AGN. Past studies have shown that the X-ray bolometric corrections are strongly dependent on the physical properties of AGN, such as their luminosities and Eddington ratios. However, since these two parameters depend on each other, it has been unclear which is the main driver of the X-ray bolometric corrections. We present here results from a large study of hard X-ray-selected (14-195 keV) nearby ($z

KW - astro-ph.GA

KW - astro-ph.HE

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/adf0f8

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 990

SP - 86

EP - 95

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

ER -

Bass Liii: The Eddington Ratio as the Primary Regulator of the Fraction of X-ray Emission in Active Galactic Nuclei

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