Core-collapse supernova explosions triggered by a quark-hadron phase transition during the early post-bounce phase

T. Fischer, I. Sagert, G. Pagliara, M. Hempel, J. Schaffner-Bielich, T. Rauscher, Friedrich-Karl Thielemann, R. Kaeppeli, G. Martinez-Pinedo, M. Liebendoerfer

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Abstract

We explore explosions of massive stars, which are triggered via the quark-hadron phase transition during the early post-bounce phase of core-collapse supernovae. We construct a quark equation of state, based on the bag model for strange quark matter. The transition between the hadronic and the quark phases is constructed applying Gibbs conditions. The resulting quark-hadron hybrid equations of state are used in core-collapse supernova simulations, based on general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics and three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino transport in spherical symmetry. The formation of a mixed phase reduces the adiabatic index, which induces the gravitational collapse of the central protoneutron star (PNS). The collapse halts in the pure quark phase, where the adiabatic index increases. A strong accretion shock forms, which propagates toward the PNS surface. Due to the density decrease of several orders of magnitude, the accretion shock turns into a dynamic shock with matter outflow. This moment defines the onset of the explosion in supernova models that allow for a quark-hadron phase transition, where otherwise no explosions could be obtained. The shock propagation across the neutrinospheres releases a burst of neutrinos. This serves as a strong observable identification for the structural reconfiguration of the stellar core. The ejected matter expands on a short timescale and remains neutron-rich. These conditions might be suitable for the production of heavy elements via the r-process. The neutron-rich material is followed by proton-rich neutrino-driven ejecta in the later cooling phase of the PNS where the vp-process might occur.

Original languageEnglish
Article number39
Number of pages28
JournalAstrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
Volume194
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2011

Keywords

  • EQUATION-OF-STATE
  • supernovae: general
  • QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
  • stars: neutron
  • BLACK-HOLE FORMATION
  • II SUPERNOVAE
  • ROTATING MASSIVE STARS
  • NUCLEAR-MATTER
  • PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION
  • PARTICLE PHYSICS
  • NEUTRINO RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS
  • ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE

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