Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR

A. P. Van de Wouw; J. F. Stonard; B. J. Howlett; Jon S. West; Bruce D.L. Fitt; S. D. Atkins

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02311.x

Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR

A. P. Van de Wouw, J. F. Stonard, B. J. Howlett, Jon S. West, Bruce D.L. Fitt, S. D. Atkins

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Abstract

Phoma stem canker (blackleg disease) of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. Frequencies of avirulent alleles for loci where virulence can be associated with gene deletion (AvrLm1 and AvrLm6) were determined in samples of L. maculans airborne ascospore inoculum using quantitative PCR. The accuracy, reproducibility and limitations of detection were determined. Changes in the frequency of avirulent alleles were determined for the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons for winter oilseed rape in the UK. The frequency of AvrLm1 remained small (between 9% and 16%), whilst the frequency of AvrLm6 fluctuated between 35% and 66%. Estimation of frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne pathogen inoculum gives an efficient and unbiased method to assess the potential of crop cultivars with corresponding resistance genes being at risk of disease.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	809-818
Number of pages	10
Journal	Plant Pathology
Volume	59
Issue number	5
Early online date	17 May 2010
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02311.x
Publication status	Published - Oct 2010

Keywords

air sampling
airborne ascospore inoculum
Avr genes
disease forecasting
effector genes
Leptosphaeria maculans
PHOMA STEM CANKER
RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS
MAJOR GENE RESISTANCE
OILSEED RAPE
IN-FIELD
FRANCE
POPULATIONS
IDENTIFICATION
CHEMOTYPES
AUSTRALIA

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PP 09 312 R1Feb2010Submitted manuscript, 1.27 MB

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title = "Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR",

abstract = "Phoma stem canker (blackleg disease) of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. Frequencies of avirulent alleles for loci where virulence can be associated with gene deletion (AvrLm1 and AvrLm6) were determined in samples of L. maculans airborne ascospore inoculum using quantitative PCR. The accuracy, reproducibility and limitations of detection were determined. Changes in the frequency of avirulent alleles were determined for the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons for winter oilseed rape in the UK. The frequency of AvrLm1 remained small (between 9% and 16%), whilst the frequency of AvrLm6 fluctuated between 35% and 66%. Estimation of frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne pathogen inoculum gives an efficient and unbiased method to assess the potential of crop cultivars with corresponding resistance genes being at risk of disease.",

keywords = "air sampling, airborne ascospore inoculum, Avr genes, disease forecasting, effector genes, Leptosphaeria maculans, PHOMA STEM CANKER, RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS, MAJOR GENE RESISTANCE, OILSEED RAPE, IN-FIELD, FRANCE, POPULATIONS, IDENTIFICATION, CHEMOTYPES, AUSTRALIA",

author = "{Van de Wouw}, {A. P.} and Stonard, {J. F.} and Howlett, {B. J.} and West, {Jon S.} and Fitt, {Bruce D.L.} and Atkins, {S. D.}",

year = "2010",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02311.x",

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journal = "Plant Pathology",

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T1 - Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR

AU - Van de Wouw, A. P.

AU - Stonard, J. F.

AU - Howlett, B. J.

AU - West, Jon S.

AU - Fitt, Bruce D.L.

AU - Atkins, S. D.

PY - 2010/10

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N2 - Phoma stem canker (blackleg disease) of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. Frequencies of avirulent alleles for loci where virulence can be associated with gene deletion (AvrLm1 and AvrLm6) were determined in samples of L. maculans airborne ascospore inoculum using quantitative PCR. The accuracy, reproducibility and limitations of detection were determined. Changes in the frequency of avirulent alleles were determined for the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons for winter oilseed rape in the UK. The frequency of AvrLm1 remained small (between 9% and 16%), whilst the frequency of AvrLm6 fluctuated between 35% and 66%. Estimation of frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne pathogen inoculum gives an efficient and unbiased method to assess the potential of crop cultivars with corresponding resistance genes being at risk of disease.

AB - Phoma stem canker (blackleg disease) of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. Frequencies of avirulent alleles for loci where virulence can be associated with gene deletion (AvrLm1 and AvrLm6) were determined in samples of L. maculans airborne ascospore inoculum using quantitative PCR. The accuracy, reproducibility and limitations of detection were determined. Changes in the frequency of avirulent alleles were determined for the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons for winter oilseed rape in the UK. The frequency of AvrLm1 remained small (between 9% and 16%), whilst the frequency of AvrLm6 fluctuated between 35% and 66%. Estimation of frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne pathogen inoculum gives an efficient and unbiased method to assess the potential of crop cultivars with corresponding resistance genes being at risk of disease.

KW - air sampling

KW - airborne ascospore inoculum

KW - Avr genes

KW - disease forecasting

KW - effector genes

KW - Leptosphaeria maculans

KW - PHOMA STEM CANKER

KW - RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS

KW - MAJOR GENE RESISTANCE

KW - OILSEED RAPE

KW - IN-FIELD

KW - FRANCE

KW - POPULATIONS

KW - IDENTIFICATION

KW - CHEMOTYPES

KW - AUSTRALIA

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U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02311.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02311.x

M3 - Article

SN - 0032-0862

VL - 59

SP - 809

EP - 818

JO - Plant Pathology

JF - Plant Pathology

IS - 5

ER -

Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR

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