Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii - II. Metallicity gradients and the [Z/H]-mass, [alpha/Fe]-mass relations

Max Spolaor, Chiaki Kobayashi, Duncan A. Forbes, Warrick J. Couch, George K. T. Hau

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Abstract

We present the results of a study of stellar population properties at large galactocentric radii of 14 low-mass early-type galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters. We derive radial profiles of age, total metallicity [Z/H] and [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios out to similar to 1-3 effective radii by using nearly all of the Lick/IDS absorption-line indices in comparison to recent single stellar population models. We extend our study to higher galaxy mass via a novel literature compilation of 37 early-type galaxies, which provides stellar population properties out to one effective radius. We find that metallicity gradients correlate with galactic mass, and the relationship shows a sharp change in slope at a dynamical mass of similar to 3.5 x 10(10) M-circle dot. The central and mean values of the stellar population parameters (measured in r <= r(e)/8 and at r = r(e), respectively) define positive mass trends. We suggest that the low metallicities, almost solar [alpha/Fe] ratios and the tight mass-metallicity gradient relation displayed by the low-mass galaxies are indicative of an early star-forming collapse with extended (i.e. >= 1 Gyr), low-efficiency star formation, and mass-dependent galactic outflows of metal-enriched gas. The flattening of metallicity gradients in high-mass galaxies and the broad scatter of the relationship are attributed to merger events. The high metallicities and supersolar abundances shown by these galaxies imply a rapid, high efficiency star formation. The observed [Z/H]-mass and [alpha/Fe]-mass relationships can be interpreted as a natural outcome of an early star-forming collapse. However, we find that hierarchical galaxy formation models implementing mass-dependent star formation efficiency, varying initial mass function, energy feedback via active galactic nucleus and the effects due to merger-induced starbursts can also reproduce both our observed relationships.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)272-292
Number of pages21
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
Volume408
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 11 Oct 2010

Keywords

  • galaxies: abundances
  • galaxies: dwarf
  • galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
  • galaxies: evolution
  • galaxies: formation
  • galaxies: stellar content
  • STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS
  • SPATIALLY-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY
  • SURFACE BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS
  • SPH CHEMODYNAMICAL SIMULATION
  • ABSORPTION-LINE STRENGTHS
  • STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES
  • FUNDAMENTAL-PLANE-SURVEY
  • ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
  • RED-SEQUENCE GALAXIES
  • ELLIPTIC GALAXIES

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