Electromagnetic-based evaluation of different Halbach array topologies with gap consideration for the permanent magnet synchronous machines

This paper investigates the influence of various Halbach arrays permanent magnets (PMs) on the electromagnetic performance of a radial flux machine with outer rotor topology. The static analysis is performed using a 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA) of six different machines with different Halbach array-based orientations. The gap consideration between PM segments is considered for the first time. The aim of the study is to find the most suitable magnetization topology determination for the PMSMs which brings maximum airgap flux density, coenergy, output torque turning, back-EMF, output electromagnetic power, and minimum corresponding harmonics, cogging torque and the likelihoods of saturation. Additionally, a comparative study of a continuous distribution that commercially is called polar anisotropic will be entirely discussed. The proposed model is verified by FEA, together with its experimental investigation for the small wind power generation application in the urban area. In addition, commercial and environmental issues of the project have been highly considered to reduce CO2 emissions as the part of green power generation mission.