Extracellular vesicles: from intracellular trafficking molecules to fully fortified delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics

Adham H. Mohamed, Tasneem Abaza, Yomna A. Youssef, Mona Rady, Sherif Ashraf Fahmy, Rabab Kamel, Nabila Hamdi, Eleni Efthimiado, Maria Braoudaki, Rana A. Youness

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as viable tools in cancer treatment due to their ability to carry a wide range of theranostic activities. This review summarizes different forms of EVs such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and oncosomes. It also sheds the light onto isolation methodologies, characterization techniques and therapeutic applications of all discussed EVs. Evidence indicates that EVs are particularly effective in delivering chemotherapeutic medications, and immunomodulatory agents. However, the advancement of EV-based therapies into clinical practice is hindered by challenges including EVs heterogeneity, cargo loading efficiency, and in vivo stability. Overall, EVs have the potential to change cancer therapeutic paradigms. Continued research and development activities are critical for improving EV-based medications and increasing their therapeutic impact.
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages29
JournalNanoscale Advances
Early online date15 Jan 2025
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 15 Jan 2025

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