Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions

Brooke D. Simmons; Thomas Melvin; Chris J. Lintott; Karen L. Masters; Kyle W. Willett; William C. Keel; R. J. Smethurst; Edmond Cheung; Robert C. Nichol; Kevin Schawinski; Michael Rutkowski; Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe; Eric F. Bell; Kevin R. V. Casteels; Christopher J. Conselice; Omar Almaini; Henry C. Ferguson; Lucy Fortson; William Hartley; Dale Kocevski; Anton M. Koekemoer; Daniel H. McIntosh; Alice Mortlock; Jeffrey A. Newman; Jamie Ownsworth; Steven P. Bamford; Tomas Dahlen; Sandra M. Faber; Steven L. Finkelstein; Adriano Fontana; Audrey Galametz; N. A. Grogin; Ruth Grützbauch; Yicheng Guo; Boris Häußler; Kian J. Jek; Sugata Kaviraj; Ray A. Lucas; Michael Peth; Mara Salvato; Tommy Wiklind; Stijn Wuyts

doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1817

Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions

Brooke D. Simmons, Thomas Melvin, Chris J. Lintott, Karen L. Masters, Kyle W. Willett, William C. Keel, R. J. Smethurst, Edmond Cheung, Robert C. Nichol, Kevin Schawinski, Michael Rutkowski, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Eric F. Bell, Kevin R. V. Casteels, Christopher J. Conselice, Omar Almaini, Henry C. Ferguson, Lucy Fortson, William Hartley, Dale KocevskiAnton M. Koekemoer, Daniel H. McIntosh, Alice Mortlock, Jeffrey A. Newman, Jamie Ownsworth, Steven P. Bamford, Tomas Dahlen, Sandra M. Faber, Steven L. Finkelstein, Adriano Fontana, Audrey Galametz, N. A. Grogin, Ruth Grützbauch, Yicheng Guo, Boris Häußler, Kian J. Jek, Sugata Kaviraj, Ray A. Lucas, Michael Peth, Mara Salvato, Tommy Wiklind, Stijn Wuyts

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Abstract

The formation of bars in disc galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of the population. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in discs decreases from the local Universe to z ~ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar features in dynamically mature discs should be extremely rare. Here, we report the discovery of strong barred structures in massive disc galaxies at z ~ 1.5 in deep rest-frame optical images from the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. From within a sample of 876 disc galaxies identified by visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a subsample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighter than L*), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar = 10.7+6.3 -3.5 per cent after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discuss the implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our current understanding of the way disc galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3466-3474
Number of pages	9
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	445
Issue number	4
Early online date	30 Oct 2014
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817
Publication status	Published - 21 Dec 2014

Keywords

Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: general
Galaxies: spiral
Galaxies: structure

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10.1093/mnras/stu1817

907152Accepted author manuscript, 1.08 MB

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Simmons, B. D., Melvin, T., Lintott, C. J., Masters, K. L., Willett, K. W., Keel, W. C., Smethurst, R. J., Cheung, E., Nichol, R. C., Schawinski, K., Rutkowski, M., Kartaltepe, J. S., Bell, E. F., Casteels, K. R. V., Conselice, C. J., Almaini, O., Ferguson, H. C., Fortson, L., Hartley, W., ... Wuyts, S. (2014). Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 445(4), 3466-3474. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817

@article{53f08d7e7dac4fd79abc13a6ba28db33,

title = "Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions",

abstract = "The formation of bars in disc galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of the population. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in discs decreases from the local Universe to z ~ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar features in dynamically mature discs should be extremely rare. Here, we report the discovery of strong barred structures in massive disc galaxies at z ~ 1.5 in deep rest-frame optical images from the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. From within a sample of 876 disc galaxies identified by visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a subsample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighter than L*), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar = 10.7+6.3 -3.5 per cent after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discuss the implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our current understanding of the way disc galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years",

keywords = "Galaxies: evolution, Galaxies: general, Galaxies: spiral, Galaxies: structure",

author = "Simmons, {Brooke D.} and Thomas Melvin and Lintott, {Chris J.} and Masters, {Karen L.} and Willett, {Kyle W.} and Keel, {William C.} and Smethurst, {R. J.} and Edmond Cheung and Nichol, {Robert C.} and Kevin Schawinski and Michael Rutkowski and Kartaltepe, {Jeyhan S.} and Bell, {Eric F.} and Casteels, {Kevin R. V.} and Conselice, {Christopher J.} and Omar Almaini and Ferguson, {Henry C.} and Lucy Fortson and William Hartley and Dale Kocevski and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and McIntosh, {Daniel H.} and Alice Mortlock and Newman, {Jeffrey A.} and Jamie Ownsworth and Bamford, {Steven P.} and Tomas Dahlen and Faber, {Sandra M.} and Finkelstein, {Steven L.} and Adriano Fontana and Audrey Galametz and Grogin, {N. A.} and Ruth Gr{\"u}tzbauch and Yicheng Guo and Boris H{\"a}u{\ss}ler and Jek, {Kian J.} and Sugata Kaviraj and Lucas, {Ray A.} and Michael Peth and Mara Salvato and Tommy Wiklind and Stijn Wuyts",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stu1817",

language = "English",

volume = "445",

pages = "3466--3474",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press (OUP)",

number = "4",

}

Simmons, BD, Melvin, T, Lintott, CJ, Masters, KL, Willett, KW, Keel, WC, Smethurst, RJ, Cheung, E, Nichol, RC, Schawinski, K, Rutkowski, M, Kartaltepe, JS, Bell, EF, Casteels, KRV, Conselice, CJ, Almaini, O, Ferguson, HC, Fortson, L, Hartley, W, Kocevski, D, Koekemoer, AM, McIntosh, DH, Mortlock, A, Newman, JA, Ownsworth, J, Bamford, SP, Dahlen, T, Faber, SM, Finkelstein, SL, Fontana, A, Galametz, A, Grogin, NA, Grützbauch, R, Guo, Y, Häußler, B, Jek, KJ, Kaviraj, S, Lucas, RA, Peth, M, Salvato, M, Wiklind, T & Wuyts, S 2014, 'Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 445, no. 4, pp. 3466-3474. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1817

TY - JOUR

T1 - Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions

AU - Simmons, Brooke D.

AU - Melvin, Thomas

AU - Lintott, Chris J.

AU - Masters, Karen L.

AU - Willett, Kyle W.

AU - Keel, William C.

AU - Smethurst, R. J.

AU - Cheung, Edmond

AU - Nichol, Robert C.

AU - Schawinski, Kevin

AU - Rutkowski, Michael

AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.

AU - Bell, Eric F.

AU - Casteels, Kevin R. V.

AU - Conselice, Christopher J.

AU - Almaini, Omar

AU - Ferguson, Henry C.

AU - Fortson, Lucy

AU - Hartley, William

AU - Kocevski, Dale

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - McIntosh, Daniel H.

AU - Mortlock, Alice

AU - Newman, Jeffrey A.

AU - Ownsworth, Jamie

AU - Bamford, Steven P.

AU - Dahlen, Tomas

AU - Faber, Sandra M.

AU - Finkelstein, Steven L.

AU - Fontana, Adriano

AU - Galametz, Audrey

AU - Grogin, N. A.

AU - Grützbauch, Ruth

AU - Guo, Yicheng

AU - Häußler, Boris

AU - Jek, Kian J.

AU - Kaviraj, Sugata

AU - Lucas, Ray A.

AU - Peth, Michael

AU - Salvato, Mara

AU - Wiklind, Tommy

AU - Wuyts, Stijn

PY - 2014/12/21

Y1 - 2014/12/21

N2 - The formation of bars in disc galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of the population. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in discs decreases from the local Universe to z ~ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar features in dynamically mature discs should be extremely rare. Here, we report the discovery of strong barred structures in massive disc galaxies at z ~ 1.5 in deep rest-frame optical images from the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. From within a sample of 876 disc galaxies identified by visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a subsample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighter than L*), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar = 10.7+6.3 -3.5 per cent after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discuss the implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our current understanding of the way disc galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years

AB - The formation of bars in disc galaxies is a tracer of the dynamical maturity of the population. Previous studies have found that the incidence of bars in discs decreases from the local Universe to z ~ 1, and by z > 1 simulations predict that bar features in dynamically mature discs should be extremely rare. Here, we report the discovery of strong barred structures in massive disc galaxies at z ~ 1.5 in deep rest-frame optical images from the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey. From within a sample of 876 disc galaxies identified by visual classification in Galaxy Zoo, we identify 123 barred galaxies. Selecting a subsample within the same region of the evolving galaxy luminosity function (brighter than L*), we find that the bar fraction across the redshift range 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 2 (fbar = 10.7+6.3 -3.5 per cent after correcting for incompleteness) does not significantly evolve.We discuss the implications of this discovery in the context of existing simulations and our current understanding of the way disc galaxies have evolved over the last 11 billion years

KW - Galaxies: evolution

KW - Galaxies: general

KW - Galaxies: spiral

KW - Galaxies: structure

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stu1817

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stu1817

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84922425523

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 445

SP - 3466

EP - 3474

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions

Abstract

Keywords

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