TY - JOUR
T1 - Gasification of poultry litter in a lab-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor
T2 - Impact of process parameters on gasifier performance and special focus on tar evolution
AU - Katsaros, Giannis
AU - Pandey, Daya Shankar
AU - Horvat, Alen
AU - Almansa, Guadalupe Aranda
AU - Fryda, Lydia E.
AU - Leahy, James J.
AU - Tassou, Savvas A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their gratitude and appreciation to the European Commission for the financial support of the experimental campaign through the BRISK2 project (grant agreement number 731101 ) and to the staff of the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN part of TNO) for hosting the experimental campaign. This work is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council ( EPSRC , EP/P004636/1 , UK). The financial support from EPSRC is gratefully acknowledged. Appendix A
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - Poultry litter (PL) gasification was experimentally investigated using a lab-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Characterisation of the gasification process was performed in terms of yields and compositions of both gas and tar, lower calorific value (LCV) of the product gas, cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE). Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (700–750 °C) and equivalence ratios (ERs). The effect of gasifier temperature at a constant ER of 0.21 shows that an increase in temperature improved the gasification process performance whilst the total tar content decreased, implying that higher temperature enhances the conversion of biomass to product gas. The total gas yield increased from 0.93 to 1.24 N2-free m3/kgfeedstock-daf, LCV increased from 3.38 MJ/m3 to 4.2 MJ/m3, while the tar content was reduced by 24% (5.6–4.25 gtar/kgfeedstock-daf). The detailed analyses of tar compositions reveal that styrene and xylenes were the most abundant compounds in the secondary tar group. Moreover, naphthalene and 1, 2-methyl naphthalene were the dominant compounds found in tertiary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkyl tertiary groups, respectively. Furthermore, at the highest tested temperature of 750 °C and ER of 0.25, bed agglomeration took place causing the shutdown of the gasifier. The defluidisation of the bed occurred due to the high ash content of PL comprising of low melting temperature alkali compounds. The results obtained from this study showed the performance and potential challenges associated with gasifying PL in a fluidised bed reactor for the combined heat and power production at farm level.
AB - Poultry litter (PL) gasification was experimentally investigated using a lab-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Characterisation of the gasification process was performed in terms of yields and compositions of both gas and tar, lower calorific value (LCV) of the product gas, cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE). Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (700–750 °C) and equivalence ratios (ERs). The effect of gasifier temperature at a constant ER of 0.21 shows that an increase in temperature improved the gasification process performance whilst the total tar content decreased, implying that higher temperature enhances the conversion of biomass to product gas. The total gas yield increased from 0.93 to 1.24 N2-free m3/kgfeedstock-daf, LCV increased from 3.38 MJ/m3 to 4.2 MJ/m3, while the tar content was reduced by 24% (5.6–4.25 gtar/kgfeedstock-daf). The detailed analyses of tar compositions reveal that styrene and xylenes were the most abundant compounds in the secondary tar group. Moreover, naphthalene and 1, 2-methyl naphthalene were the dominant compounds found in tertiary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkyl tertiary groups, respectively. Furthermore, at the highest tested temperature of 750 °C and ER of 0.25, bed agglomeration took place causing the shutdown of the gasifier. The defluidisation of the bed occurred due to the high ash content of PL comprising of low melting temperature alkali compounds. The results obtained from this study showed the performance and potential challenges associated with gasifying PL in a fluidised bed reactor for the combined heat and power production at farm level.
KW - Agglomeration
KW - Bubbling fluidised bed
KW - Gasification
KW - Poultry litter
KW - Tar
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072710279&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.014
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 31581030
AN - SCOPUS:85072710279
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 100
SP - 336
EP - 345
JO - Waste Management
JF - Waste Management
ER -