Heat transfer management of hybrid nanofluid including radiation and magnetic source terms within a porous domain

Natural convected aqueous-based MWCNT + Fe₃O₄ nanopowder through a permeable cavity employing Lorentz field impacts is illustrated in this work. CVFEM-based technique was developed to simulate the considered physical problem. The source of Darcy in the momentum equation is introduced by the implementation of non-Darcy theory. Further, the radiative heat transportation is analyzed. The thermal contours and flow streamlines elaborate the thermofluid features of nanofluid under variable strength of magnetic field and media permeability conditions. The mutual impact of radiation parameter, Rayleigh number, permeability, and magnetic force on Nu has also been analyzed. The outcomes revealed that the Hartmann number suppresses the natural convection and promotes conduction. Convection is the dominating mode when Ha is zero. As Ha increases from 0 to 60, 66% increment in Ψ can be reported when Ra = 10⁵. With rise of Da from 0.01 to 100, Ψ_max augments about 5.88% and 80% when Ha = 60 and 0, respectively. To achieve greater influence, Da, Ha should be reduced. In the highest level of Ra, Da and Ha = 0, Nu for Rd = 0.8 is 2.06 higher than that of Rd = 0. Nu declines about 11.97% with rise of Lorentz force when Da = 0.01. The impact of Da becomes more sensible when Lorentz force has been imposed.