ITS-G5 Antennas: Powering Future Urban Transports

As urban landscapes rapidly transform into smart cities, reinforcing vehicular communication becomes a critical cornerstone. Guided by the ITS-G5 standard - a benchmark in European vehicular paradigms [1] - The endeavour of this work aims at laying the communication bedrock for the intelligent transportation systems of tomorrow. The 5.9GHz frequency, especially 5.8875GHz, emerges as the spectral focal point, targeting uninterrupted data propagation over a 75MHz bandwidth. This work delves deep into three avant-garde antenna architectures: the Microstrip Patch Antenna, the SIW Antenna, and the Slotted Rectangular Antenna. While the Microstrip Patch resonated at 5.851GHz with 8.1dBi gain and 83% efficiency, the SIW Antenna, operating near 5.88GHz, highlighted its potency with an S₁₁ of -35dB and a remarkable 85% radiation efficiency. The Slotted Rectangular Antenna, though compact, resonated at 5.884GHz with slightly lower metrics. Intriguingly, each design's omnidirectional radiation is quintessential for smart city vehicular dynamics. To conclude, these insights suggest these antennas as pivotal gears in the machinery of next-gen smart city transportation networks [10].