TY - JOUR
T1 - Jades: Carbon-enhanced, Nitrogen-normal compact galaxy at z=11.2
AU - Scholtz, J
AU - Silcock, M S
AU - Curtis-Lake, E
AU - Maiolino, R
AU - Carniani, S
AU - D’Eugenio, F
AU - Ji, X
AU - Jakobsen, P
AU - Hainline, K
AU - Arribas, S
AU - Baker, W M
AU - Bhatawdekar, R
AU - Bunker, A J
AU - Charlot, S
AU - Chevallard, J
AU - Curti, M
AU - Eisenstein, Daniel J
AU - Isobe, Y
AU - Jones, G C
AU - Parlanti, E
AU - Pérez-González, P G
AU - Rinaldi, P
AU - Robertson, B
AU - Tacchella, S
AU - Übler, H
AU - Williams, C C
AU - Willott, C
AU - Witstok, J
N1 - © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
PY - 2026/1/31
Y1 - 2026/1/31
N2 - Over the past few years James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been a major workhorse in detecting and constraining the metal enrichment of the first galaxies in the early Universe and finding the source of the ionization of their interstellar medium. In this work, we present new deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of GS-z11-1, a galaxy at z = 11.28, in which we report the detection of multiple rest-frame UV and optical emission lines: CIII]1907,09, CIV]1548,51, [OII]3726,29, [NeIII]3869, H and tentative evidence for HeII1640. The ionization properties of GS-z11-1 are consistent with star formation, with potential contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We estimate a galaxy stellar mass of log(/M) = 7.80.2 and log(SFR/(M yr)) = 0.320.11 for the fiducial SF-only models. We measured C/O from the SED modelling of C/O = 1.20 solar. This is one of the highest C/O abundances at z 10, and it is consistent with either PopII and PopIII enrichment paths. Despite this source being extremely compact, with a half-light radius of 73 10 pc, we see no increased equivalent width of NIV] and NIII] emission lines as seen in some other compact sources at similar redshifts, a potential signature of second-generation stars in GCs. Overall, this galaxy exhibits low metallicity and high ionization parameter consistent with intense star-formation or AGN activity in the early Universe, possibly observed before the enrichment by the second generation of stars in proto-globular clusters in the core of the galaxy.
AB - Over the past few years James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been a major workhorse in detecting and constraining the metal enrichment of the first galaxies in the early Universe and finding the source of the ionization of their interstellar medium. In this work, we present new deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of GS-z11-1, a galaxy at z = 11.28, in which we report the detection of multiple rest-frame UV and optical emission lines: CIII]1907,09, CIV]1548,51, [OII]3726,29, [NeIII]3869, H and tentative evidence for HeII1640. The ionization properties of GS-z11-1 are consistent with star formation, with potential contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We estimate a galaxy stellar mass of log(/M) = 7.80.2 and log(SFR/(M yr)) = 0.320.11 for the fiducial SF-only models. We measured C/O from the SED modelling of C/O = 1.20 solar. This is one of the highest C/O abundances at z 10, and it is consistent with either PopII and PopIII enrichment paths. Despite this source being extremely compact, with a half-light radius of 73 10 pc, we see no increased equivalent width of NIV] and NIII] emission lines as seen in some other compact sources at similar redshifts, a potential signature of second-generation stars in GCs. Overall, this galaxy exhibits low metallicity and high ionization parameter consistent with intense star-formation or AGN activity in the early Universe, possibly observed before the enrichment by the second generation of stars in proto-globular clusters in the core of the galaxy.
KW - astro-ph.GA
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105026662894
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staf2107
DO - 10.1093/mnras/staf2107
M3 - Article
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 545
SP - 1
EP - 17
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)
IS - 3
ER -