Abstract
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | e0313107 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-34 |
Number of pages | 34 |
Journal | PLoS ONE |
Volume | 20 |
Issue number | 1 January |
Early online date | 22 Jan 2025 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 22 Jan 2025 |
Keywords
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Factor Analysis, Statistical
- Female
- Gender Identity
- Humans
- Language
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Personal Satisfaction
- Psychometrics/methods
- Quality of Life
- Self Report
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Young Adult
Access to Document
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0313107Licence: CC BY
- Final_Version
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 953 KBLicence: CC BY
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In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 20, No. 1 January, e0313107, 22.01.2025, p. 1-34.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups
AU - Swami, Viren
AU - Stieger, Stefan
AU - Voracek, Martin
AU - Aavik, Toivo
AU - Abdollahpour Ranjbar, Hamed
AU - Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju
AU - Afhami, Reza
AU - Ahmed, Oli
AU - Aimé, Annie
AU - Akel, Marwan
AU - Al Halbusi, Hussam
AU - Alexias, George
AU - Ali, Khawla F.
AU - Alp-Dal, Nursel
AU - Alsalhani, Anas B.
AU - Álvarez-Solas, Sara
AU - Amaral, Ana Carolina Soares
AU - Andrianto, Sonny
AU - Aspden, Trefor
AU - Argyrides, Marios
AU - Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.
AU - Atkin, Stephen
AU - Ayandele, Olusola
AU - Baceviciene, Migle
AU - Bahbouh, Radvan
AU - Ballesio, Andrea
AU - Barron, David
AU - Bellard, Ashleigh
AU - Bender, Sóley Sesselja
AU - Beydaǧ, Kerime Derya
AU - Birovljević, Gorana
AU - Blackburn, Marie-Ève
AU - Borja-Alvarez, Teresita
AU - Borowiec, Joanna
AU - Bozogáňová, Miroslava
AU - Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid
AU - Browning, Matthew H. E. M.
AU - Brytek-Matera, Anna
AU - Burakova, Marina
AU - Çakır-Koçak, Yeliz
AU - Camacho, Pablo
AU - Camilleri, Vittorio Emanuele
AU - Cazzato, Valentina
AU - Cerea, Silvia
AU - Chaiwutikornwanich, Apitchaya
AU - Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin
AU - Chambers, Tim
AU - Chen, Qing-Wei
AU - Chen, Xin
AU - Chien, Chin-Lung
AU - Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit
AU - Choompunuch, Bovornpot
AU - Compte, Emilio J.
AU - Corrigan, Jennifer
AU - Cosmas, Getrude
AU - Cowden, Richard G.
AU - Czepczor-Bernat, Kamila
AU - Czub, Marcin
AU - da Silva, Wanderson Roberto
AU - Dadfar, Mahboubeh
AU - Dalley, Simon E.
AU - Dany, Lionel
AU - Datu, Jesus Alfonso D.
AU - de Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Berbert
AU - Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda
AU - De Jesus, Avila Odia S.
AU - Debbabi, Sonia Harzallah
AU - Dhakal, Sandesh
AU - Di Bernardo, Francesca
AU - Dimitrova, Donka D.
AU - Dion, Jacinthe
AU - Dixson, Barnaby
AU - Donofrio, Stacey M.
AU - Drysch, Marius
AU - Du, Hongfei
AU - Dzhambov, Angel M.
AU - El-Jor, Claire
AU - Enea, Violeta
AU - Eskin, Mehmet
AU - Farbod, Farinaz
AU - Farrugia, Lorleen
AU - Fian, Leonie
AU - Fisher, Maryanne L.
AU - Folwarczny, Michał
AU - Frederick, David A.
AU - Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
AU - Furnham, Adrian
AU - García, Antonio Alías
AU - Geller, Shulamit
AU - Ghisi, Marta
AU - Ghorbani, Alireza
AU - Gomez Martinez, Maria Angeles
AU - Gradidge, Sarah
AU - Graf, Sylvie
AU - Grano, Caterina
AU - Gyene, Gyöngyvér
AU - Hallit, Souheil
AU - Hamdan, Motasem
AU - Handelzalts, Jonathan E.
AU - Hanel, Paul H. P.
AU - Hawks, Steven R.
AU - Hekmati, Issa
AU - Helmy, Mai
AU - Hill, Tetiana
AU - Hina, Farah
AU - Holenweger, Geraldine
AU - Hřebíčková, Martina
AU - Ijabadeniyi, Olasupo Augustine
AU - Imam, Asma
AU - İnce, Başak
AU - Irrazabal, Natalia
AU - Jankauskiene, Rasa
AU - Jiang, Ding-Yu
AU - Jiménez-Borja, Micaela
AU - Jiménez-Borja, Verónica
AU - Johnson, Evan M.
AU - Jovanović, Veljko
AU - Jović, Marija
AU - Jović, Marko
AU - Junqueira, Alessandra Costa Pereira
AU - Kahle, Lisa-Marie
AU - Kantanista, Adam
AU - Karakiraz, Ahmet
AU - Karkin, Ayşe Nur
AU - Kasten, Erich
AU - Khatib, Salam
AU - Khieowan, Nuannut
AU - Kimong, Patricia Joseph
AU - Kiropoulos, Litza
AU - Knittel, Joshua
AU - Kohli, Neena
AU - Koprivnik, Mirjam
AU - Kospakov, Aituar
AU - Król-Zielińska, Magdalena
AU - Krug, Isabel
AU - Kuan, Garry
AU - Kueh, Yee Cheng
AU - Kujan, Omar
AU - Kukić, Miljana
AU - Kumar, Sanjay
AU - Kumar, Vipul
AU - Lamba, Nishtha
AU - Lauri, Mary Anne
AU - Laus, Maria Fernanda
AU - LeBlanc, Liza April
AU - Lee, Hyejoo J.
AU - Lipowska, Małgorzata
AU - Lipowski, Mariusz
AU - Lombardo, Caterina
AU - Lukács, Andrea
AU - Maïano, Christophe
AU - Malik, Sadia
AU - Manjary, Mandar
AU - Márquez Baldó, Lidia
AU - Martinez-Banfi, Martha
AU - Massar, Karlijn
AU - Matera, Camilla
AU - McAnirlin, Olivia
AU - Mebarak, Moisés Roberto
AU - Mechri, Anwar
AU - Meireles, Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras
AU - Mesko, Norbert
AU - Mills, Jacqueline
AU - Miyairi, Maya
AU - Modi, Ritu
AU - Modrzejewska, Adriana
AU - Modrzejewska, Justyna
AU - Mulgrew, Kate E.
AU - Myers, Taryn A.
AU - Namatame, Hikari
AU - Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria
AU - Nerini, Amanda
AU - Neto, Félix
AU - Neto, Joana
AU - Neves, Angela Nogueira
AU - Ng, Siu-Kuen
AU - Nithiya, Devi
AU - O, Jiaqing
AU - Obeid, Sahar
AU - Oda-Montecinos, Camila
AU - Olapegba, Peter Olamakinde
AU - Olonisakin, Tosin Tunrayo
AU - Omar, Salma Samir
AU - Örlygsdóttir, Brynja
AU - Özsoy, Emrah
AU - Otterbring, Tobias
AU - Pahl, Sabine
AU - Panasiti, Maria Serena
AU - Park, Yonguk
AU - Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin
AU - Pethö, Tatiana
AU - Petrova, Nadezhda
AU - Pietschnig, Jakob
AU - Pourmahmoud, Sadaf
AU - Prabhu, Vishnunarayan Girishan
AU - Poštuvan, Vita
AU - Prokop, Pavol
AU - Ramseyer Winter, Virginia L.
AU - Razmus, Magdalena
AU - Ru, Taotao
AU - Rupar, Mirjana
AU - Sahlan, Reza N.
AU - Salah Hassan, Mohammad
AU - Šalov, Anđela
AU - Sapkota, Saphal
AU - Sarfo, Jacob Owusu
AU - Sawamiya, Yoko
AU - Schaefer, Katrin
AU - Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael
AU - Seekis, Veya
AU - Selvi, Kerim
AU - Sharifi, Mehdi
AU - Shrivastava, Anita
AU - Siddique, Rumana Ferdousi
AU - Sigurdsson, Valdimar
AU - Silkane, Vineta
AU - Šimunić, Ana
AU - Singh, Govind
AU - Slezáčková, Alena
AU - Sundgot-Borgen, Christine
AU - Ten Hoor, Gill
AU - Tevichapong, Passagorn
AU - Tipandjan, Arun
AU - Todd, Jennifer
AU - Togas, Constantinos
AU - Tonini, Fernando
AU - Tovar-Castro, Juan Camilo
AU - Trangsrud, Lise Katrine Jepsen
AU - Tripathi, Pankaj
AU - Tudorel, Otilia
AU - Tylka, Tracy L.
AU - Uyzbayeva, Anar
AU - Vally, Zahir
AU - Vanags, Edmunds
AU - Vega, Luis Diego
AU - Vicente-Arruebarrena, Aitor
AU - Vidal-Mollón, Jose
AU - Vilar, Roosevelt
AU - Villegas, Hyxia
AU - Vintilă, Mona
AU - Wallner, Christoph
AU - White, Mathew P.
AU - Whitebridge, Simon
AU - Windhager, Sonja
AU - Wong, Kah Yan
AU - Yau, Eric Kenson
AU - Yamamiya, Yuko
AU - Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan
AU - Zanetti, Marcelo Callegari
AU - Zawisza, Magdalena
AU - Zeeni, Nadine
AU - Zvaríková, Martina
AU - Tran, Ulrich S.
AU - Neto, Félix
A2 - Harpaz, Gal
N1 - © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PY - 2025/1/22
Y1 - 2025/1/22
N2 - The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset–with data collected between 2020 and 2022 –to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally.
AB - The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset–with data collected between 2020 and 2022 –to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Age Factors
KW - Aged
KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical
KW - Female
KW - Gender Identity
KW - Humans
KW - Language
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Personal Satisfaction
KW - Psychometrics/methods
KW - Quality of Life
KW - Self Report
KW - Surveys and Questionnaires
KW - Young Adult
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85215985374&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0313107
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0313107
M3 - Article
C2 - 39841629
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 20
SP - 1
EP - 34
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 1 January
M1 - e0313107
ER -