Longitudinal predictors of feeding problems and weight in children with Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome are more likely to encounter feeding problems in early life and more likely to be overweight or obese than typically developing (TD) peers. It is not fully understood why this is, and existing interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight outcomes have limited efficacy.This study aimed to explore the longitudinal predictors of feeding problems and weight outcomes in young children with Down syndrome compared to TD children. To explore this, a mixed-methods longitudinal design was utilised whereby data was collected at two time points, roughly seven months apart. Participants include 25 children with Down syndrome aged 1-4 years and 25 TD children of the same age, and their parents. Questionnaires collected quantitative data on the outcome measure of feeding problems and predictors such as background factors, parental feeding practices and children’s eating behaviours during exclusive milk feeding, eating behaviours after the introduction of solid food, sensory processing, texture sensitivity and gross and fine motor development. Video-recorded mealtimes were conducted to examine mealtime behaviours. Anthropomorphic data relating to height and weight of both parent and child were also collected at each time point. Qualitative semi-structured interviews at Time 2 aim to understand how parents perceive feeding problems, potential determining factors, consequences and support needed. Questionnaire and anthropomorphic data collected at Time 1 will be presented. Potential impact and implications include identification of areas for early and targeted intervention to address feeding problems, promote optimal eating development and healthy weight outcomes in children with Down syndrome.