Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project

S.I. Bohnenstengel; S.E. Belcher; A. Aiken; J.D. Allan; G. Allen; A. Bacak; T.J. Bannan; J.F. Barlow; D.C.S. Beddows; W.J. Bloss; A.M. Booth; C. Chemel; O. Coceal; C.F. Di Marco; M.K. Dubey; K.H. Faloon; Z.L. Fleming; M. Furger; J.K. Gietl; R.R. Graves; D.C. Green; C.S.B. Grimmond; C.H. Halios; J. F. Hamilton; R.M. Harrison; M.R. Heal; D. E. Heard; C. Helfter; S.C. Herndon; R.E. Holmes; J. R. Hopkins; A.M. Jones; F.J. Kelly; S. Kotthaus; B. Langford; J.D. Lee; R.J. Leigh; A.C. Lewis; R.T. Lidster; F.D. Lopez-Hilfiker; J.B. McQuaid; C. Mohr; P. S. Monks; E. Nemitz; N.L. Ng; C.J. Percival; A.S.H. Prévôt; H.M.A. Ricketts; R. Sokhi; D. Stone; J.A. Thornton; A.H. Tremper; A.C. Valach; S. Visser; L.K. Whalley; L.R. Williams; L. Xu; D.E. Young; P. Zotter

doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project

S.I. Bohnenstengel, S.E. Belcher, A. Aiken, J.D. Allan, G. Allen, A. Bacak, T.J. Bannan, J.F. Barlow, D.C.S. Beddows, W.J. Bloss, A.M. Booth, C. Chemel, O. Coceal, C.F. Di Marco, M.K. Dubey, K.H. Faloon, Z.L. Fleming, M. Furger, J.K. Gietl, R.R. GravesD.C. Green, C.S.B. Grimmond, C.H. Halios, J. F. Hamilton, R.M. Harrison, M.R. Heal, D. E. Heard, C. Helfter, S.C. Herndon, R.E. Holmes, J. R. Hopkins, A.M. Jones, F.J. Kelly, S. Kotthaus, B. Langford, J.D. Lee, R.J. Leigh, A.C. Lewis, R.T. Lidster, F.D. Lopez-Hilfiker, J.B. McQuaid, C. Mohr, P. S. Monks, E. Nemitz, N.L. Ng, C.J. Percival, A.S.H. Prévôt, H.M.A. Ricketts, R. Sokhi, D. Stone, J.A. Thornton, A.H. Tremper, A.C. Valach, S. Visser, L.K. Whalley, L.R. Williams, L. Xu, D.E. Young, P. Zotter

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Abstract

Capsule: The ClearfLo project provides integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London's urban atmosphere to improve predictive capability for air quality. Air quality and heat are strong health drivers and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the ClearfLo project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures. Within ClearfLo (www.clearflo.ac.uk), a large multi-institutional project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology, gaseous and particulate composition/loading within London's atmosphere were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, kerbside and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations . Combining these (measurement/modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and summer Olympics 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer, chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone production, in particular the role of volatile organic compounds, and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	779-804
Journal	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Volume	96
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1
Publication status	Published - May 2015

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10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

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© Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected]
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Bohnenstengel, S. I., Belcher, S. E., Aiken, A., Allan, J. D., Allen, G., Bacak, A., Bannan, T. J., Barlow, J. F., Beddows, D. C. S., Bloss, W. J., Booth, A. M., Chemel, C., Coceal, O., Di Marco, C. F., Dubey, M. K., Faloon, K. H., Fleming, Z. L., Furger, M., Gietl, J. K., ... Zotter, P. (2015). Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(5), 779-804. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

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title = "Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project",

abstract = "Capsule: The ClearfLo project provides integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London's urban atmosphere to improve predictive capability for air quality. Air quality and heat are strong health drivers and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the ClearfLo project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures. Within ClearfLo (www.clearflo.ac.uk), a large multi-institutional project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology, gaseous and particulate composition/loading within London's atmosphere were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, kerbside and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations . Combining these (measurement/modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and summer Olympics 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer, chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone production, in particular the role of volatile organic compounds, and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.",

author = "S.I. Bohnenstengel and S.E. Belcher and A. Aiken and J.D. Allan and G. Allen and A. Bacak and T.J. Bannan and J.F. Barlow and D.C.S. Beddows and W.J. Bloss and A.M. Booth and C. Chemel and O. Coceal and {Di Marco}, C.F. and M.K. Dubey and K.H. Faloon and Z.L. Fleming and M. Furger and J.K. Gietl and R.R. Graves and D.C. Green and C.S.B. Grimmond and C.H. Halios and Hamilton, {J. F.} and R.M. Harrison and M.R. Heal and Heard, {D. E.} and C. Helfter and S.C. Herndon and R.E. Holmes and Hopkins, {J. R.} and A.M. Jones and F.J. Kelly and S. Kotthaus and B. Langford and J.D. Lee and R.J. Leigh and A.C. Lewis and R.T. Lidster and F.D. Lopez-Hilfiker and J.B. McQuaid and C. Mohr and Monks, {P. S.} and E. Nemitz and N.L. Ng and C.J. Percival and A.S.H. Pr{\'e}v{\^o}t and H.M.A. Ricketts and R. Sokhi and D. Stone and J.A. Thornton and A.H. Tremper and A.C. Valach and S. Visser and L.K. Whalley and L.R. Williams and L. Xu and D.E. Young and P. Zotter",

note = "A supplement to this article is available online (10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.2). {\textcopyright} Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS{\textquoteright}s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected]",

year = "2015",

month = may,

doi = "10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1",

language = "English",

volume = "96",

pages = "779--804",

journal = "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society",

issn = "0003-0007",

publisher = "American Meteorological Society (AMS)",

number = "5",

}

Bohnenstengel, SI, Belcher, SE, Aiken, A, Allan, JD, Allen, G, Bacak, A, Bannan, TJ, Barlow, JF, Beddows, DCS, Bloss, WJ, Booth, AM, Chemel, C, Coceal, O, Di Marco, CF, Dubey, MK, Faloon, KH, Fleming, ZL, Furger, M, Gietl, JK, Graves, RR, Green, DC, Grimmond, CSB, Halios, CH, Hamilton, JF, Harrison, RM, Heal, MR, Heard, DE, Helfter, C, Herndon, SC, Holmes, RE, Hopkins, JR, Jones, AM, Kelly, FJ, Kotthaus, S, Langford, B, Lee, JD, Leigh, RJ, Lewis, AC, Lidster, RT, Lopez-Hilfiker, FD, McQuaid, JB, Mohr, C, Monks, PS, Nemitz, E, Ng, NL, Percival, CJ, Prévôt, ASH, Ricketts, HMA, Sokhi, R, Stone, D, Thornton, JA, Tremper, AH, Valach, AC, Visser, S, Whalley, LK, Williams, LR, Xu, L, Young, DE & Zotter, P 2015, 'Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project', Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 779-804. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Meteorology, air quality, and health in London

T2 - The ClearfLo project

AU - Bohnenstengel, S.I.

AU - Belcher, S.E.

AU - Aiken, A.

AU - Allan, J.D.

AU - Allen, G.

AU - Bacak, A.

AU - Bannan, T.J.

AU - Barlow, J.F.

AU - Beddows, D.C.S.

AU - Bloss, W.J.

AU - Booth, A.M.

AU - Chemel, C.

AU - Coceal, O.

AU - Di Marco, C.F.

AU - Dubey, M.K.

AU - Faloon, K.H.

AU - Fleming, Z.L.

AU - Furger, M.

AU - Gietl, J.K.

AU - Graves, R.R.

AU - Green, D.C.

AU - Grimmond, C.S.B.

AU - Halios, C.H.

AU - Hamilton, J. F.

AU - Harrison, R.M.

AU - Heal, M.R.

AU - Heard, D. E.

AU - Helfter, C.

AU - Herndon, S.C.

AU - Holmes, R.E.

AU - Hopkins, J. R.

AU - Jones, A.M.

AU - Kelly, F.J.

AU - Kotthaus, S.

AU - Langford, B.

AU - Lee, J.D.

AU - Leigh, R.J.

AU - Lewis, A.C.

AU - Lidster, R.T.

AU - Lopez-Hilfiker, F.D.

AU - McQuaid, J.B.

AU - Mohr, C.

AU - Monks, P. S.

AU - Nemitz, E.

AU - Ng, N.L.

AU - Percival, C.J.

AU - Prévôt, A.S.H.

AU - Ricketts, H.M.A.

AU - Sokhi, R.

AU - Stone, D.

AU - Thornton, J.A.

AU - Tremper, A.H.

AU - Valach, A.C.

AU - Visser, S.

AU - Whalley, L.K.

AU - Williams, L.R.

AU - Xu, L.

AU - Young, D.E.

AU - Zotter, P.

N1 - A supplement to this article is available online (10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.2). © Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected]

PY - 2015/5

Y1 - 2015/5

N2 - Capsule: The ClearfLo project provides integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London's urban atmosphere to improve predictive capability for air quality. Air quality and heat are strong health drivers and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the ClearfLo project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures. Within ClearfLo (www.clearflo.ac.uk), a large multi-institutional project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology, gaseous and particulate composition/loading within London's atmosphere were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, kerbside and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations . Combining these (measurement/modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and summer Olympics 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer, chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone production, in particular the role of volatile organic compounds, and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.

AB - Capsule: The ClearfLo project provides integrated measurements of the meteorology, composition and particulate loading of London's urban atmosphere to improve predictive capability for air quality. Air quality and heat are strong health drivers and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the ClearfLo project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures. Within ClearfLo (www.clearflo.ac.uk), a large multi-institutional project funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology, gaseous and particulate composition/loading within London's atmosphere were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, kerbside and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations . Combining these (measurement/modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and summer Olympics 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer, chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone production, in particular the role of volatile organic compounds, and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.

U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1

M3 - Article

SN - 0003-0007

VL - 96

SP - 779

EP - 804

JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

IS - 5

ER -

Meteorology, air quality, and health in London: The ClearfLo project

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