Optimizing biomass production systems - exploiting diverse growth traits in different environments.

We developed a modelling system that allows the simulation of multi-annual growth dynamics of perennial herbaceous and woody species/varieties grown in monoculture across different environments. This tool enables users to evaluate genotype × environment × management interactions and select ideotypes. Indicators for agronomic and environmental sustainability can be selected, e.g. leaf area, stem density, height and biomass yield, overall water and radiation use efficiency. In addition, soil carbon inputs and turnover from leaf litter, root and other belowground components can be modelled to assess carbon sequestration. Differences in carbon assimilation and biomass yield were measured and used to calibrate the model. Effects on soil organic carbon turnover and sequestration were assessed by coupling the plant model with the Rothamsted Carbon model, RothC, adapted to accommodate inputs of different turnover. The methods are briefly described and some sample results for the performance of the crop and soil model are presented. Scenario simulations are discussed in the context of biomass production and carbon sequestration.