Platinum : environmental pollution and health effects

Platinum, mainly released by vehicle exhaust catalysts, has been significantly accumulated in the environment over the past decades. The emitted Pt could be toxic for living organisms and human beings. The metallic form of Pt, however, may be inert as far as biological reactions are concerned. In contrast, some chloro compounds of Pt are among the most potent allergens and sensitizers. Hence, the potential health risks of Pt have to be taken into consideration, which further raises questions for the possible risk of exposure for individuals living in urban environment and/or along major highways. In this context, the emission, distribution, transportation, transformation, biological availability, and health effects of Pt are discussed.