Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant

M. Arias; A. Botteon; C. G. Bassa; S. van der Jagt; R. J. van Weeren; S. P. O'Sullivan; Q. Bosschaart; R. S. Dullaart; M. J. Hardcastle; J. W. T. Hessels; T. Shimwell; M. M. Slob; J. A. Sturm; C. Tasse; N. C. M. A. Theijssen; J. Vink

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244369

Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant

M. Arias, A. Botteon, C. G. Bassa, S. van der Jagt, R. J. van Weeren, S. P. O'Sullivan, Q. Bosschaart, R. S. Dullaart, M. J. Hardcastle, J. W. T. Hessels, T. Shimwell, M. M. Slob, J. A. Sturm, C. Tasse, N. C. M. A. Theijssen, J. Vink

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Abstract

We report the discovery of a ring of low surface brightness radio emission around the Calvera pulsar, a high Galactic latitude, isolated neutron star, in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). It is centered at α = 14h11m12s.6, δ = +79°23′15″, has inner and outer radii of 14′.2 and 28′.4, and has an integrated flux density at 144 MHz of 1.08 ± 0.15 Jy. The ring center is offset by 4′.9 from the location of the Calvera pulsar. Observations with the Isaac Newton Telescope in the Hα band show no coincident optical emission, but they do show a small (~20″) optical structure internal to the ring. We consider three possible interpretations for the ring: that it is an H II region, a supernova remnant (SNR), or an odd radio circle (ORC). The positional coincidence of the ring, the pulsar, and an X-ray-emitting non-equilibrium ionization plasma previously detected lead us to prefer the SNR interpretation. If the source is indeed a SNR and if its association with the Calvera pulsar is confirmed, then Calvera’s SNR, or G118.4+37.0, will be one of few SNRs in the Galactic halo.

Original language	English
Article number	A71
Pages (from-to)	1-8
Number of pages	8
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	667
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244369
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2022

Keywords

astro-ph.HE
astro-ph.GA
Surveys
Pulsars: individual: 1RXS J141256.0+792204
ISM: supernova remnants
H II regions
ISM: general

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© 2022 M. Arias et al. Published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Arias, M., Botteon, A., Bassa, C. G., Jagt, S. V. D., Weeren, R. J. V., O'Sullivan, S. P., Bosschaart, Q., Dullaart, R. S., Hardcastle, M. J., Hessels, J. W. T., Shimwell, T., Slob, M. M., Sturm, J. A., Tasse, C., Theijssen, N. C. M. A., & Vink, J. (2022). Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 667, 1-8. Article A71. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244369

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title = "Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant",

abstract = "We report the discovery of a ring of low surface brightness radio emission around the Calvera pulsar, a high Galactic latitude, isolated neutron star, in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). It is centered at α = 14h11m12s.6, δ = +79°23′15″, has inner and outer radii of 14′.2 and 28′.4, and has an integrated flux density at 144 MHz of 1.08 ± 0.15 Jy. The ring center is offset by 4′.9 from the location of the Calvera pulsar. Observations with the Isaac Newton Telescope in the Hα band show no coincident optical emission, but they do show a small (~20″) optical structure internal to the ring. We consider three possible interpretations for the ring: that it is an H II region, a supernova remnant (SNR), or an odd radio circle (ORC). The positional coincidence of the ring, the pulsar, and an X-ray-emitting non-equilibrium ionization plasma previously detected lead us to prefer the SNR interpretation. If the source is indeed a SNR and if its association with the Calvera pulsar is confirmed, then Calvera{\textquoteright}s SNR, or G118.4+37.0, will be one of few SNRs in the Galactic halo.",

keywords = "astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.GA, Surveys, Pulsars: individual: 1RXS J141256.0+792204, ISM: supernova remnants, H II regions, ISM: general",

author = "M. Arias and A. Botteon and Bassa, {C. G.} and Jagt, {S. van der} and Weeren, {R. J. van} and O'Sullivan, {S. P.} and Q. Bosschaart and Dullaart, {R. S.} and Hardcastle, {M. J.} and Hessels, {J. W. T.} and T. Shimwell and Slob, {M. M.} and Sturm, {J. A.} and C. Tasse and Theijssen, {N. C. M. A.} and J. Vink",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2022 M. Arias et al. Published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202244369",

language = "English",

volume = "667",

pages = "1--8",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant

AU - Arias, M.

AU - Botteon, A.

AU - Bassa, C. G.

AU - Jagt, S. van der

AU - Weeren, R. J. van

AU - O'Sullivan, S. P.

AU - Bosschaart, Q.

AU - Dullaart, R. S.

AU - Hardcastle, M. J.

AU - Hessels, J. W. T.

AU - Shimwell, T.

AU - Slob, M. M.

AU - Sturm, J. A.

AU - Tasse, C.

AU - Theijssen, N. C. M. A.

AU - Vink, J.

N1 - © 2022 M. Arias et al. Published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PY - 2022/11/1

Y1 - 2022/11/1

N2 - We report the discovery of a ring of low surface brightness radio emission around the Calvera pulsar, a high Galactic latitude, isolated neutron star, in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). It is centered at α = 14h11m12s.6, δ = +79°23′15″, has inner and outer radii of 14′.2 and 28′.4, and has an integrated flux density at 144 MHz of 1.08 ± 0.15 Jy. The ring center is offset by 4′.9 from the location of the Calvera pulsar. Observations with the Isaac Newton Telescope in the Hα band show no coincident optical emission, but they do show a small (~20″) optical structure internal to the ring. We consider three possible interpretations for the ring: that it is an H II region, a supernova remnant (SNR), or an odd radio circle (ORC). The positional coincidence of the ring, the pulsar, and an X-ray-emitting non-equilibrium ionization plasma previously detected lead us to prefer the SNR interpretation. If the source is indeed a SNR and if its association with the Calvera pulsar is confirmed, then Calvera’s SNR, or G118.4+37.0, will be one of few SNRs in the Galactic halo.

AB - We report the discovery of a ring of low surface brightness radio emission around the Calvera pulsar, a high Galactic latitude, isolated neutron star, in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). It is centered at α = 14h11m12s.6, δ = +79°23′15″, has inner and outer radii of 14′.2 and 28′.4, and has an integrated flux density at 144 MHz of 1.08 ± 0.15 Jy. The ring center is offset by 4′.9 from the location of the Calvera pulsar. Observations with the Isaac Newton Telescope in the Hα band show no coincident optical emission, but they do show a small (~20″) optical structure internal to the ring. We consider three possible interpretations for the ring: that it is an H II region, a supernova remnant (SNR), or an odd radio circle (ORC). The positional coincidence of the ring, the pulsar, and an X-ray-emitting non-equilibrium ionization plasma previously detected lead us to prefer the SNR interpretation. If the source is indeed a SNR and if its association with the Calvera pulsar is confirmed, then Calvera’s SNR, or G118.4+37.0, will be one of few SNRs in the Galactic halo.

KW - astro-ph.HE

KW - astro-ph.GA

KW - Surveys

KW - Pulsars: individual: 1RXS J141256.0+792204

KW - ISM: supernova remnants

KW - H II regions

KW - ISM: general

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145250511&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244369

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244369

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 667

SP - 1

EP - 8

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A71

ER -

Possible discovery of Calvera's supernova remnant

Abstract

Keywords

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