Securing Renewable Energy Supply Chains: Challenges and Opportunities for Information Security

Renewable energy supply chains play a crucial role in the transition to a sustainable and low carbon energy system. However, as the renewable energy sector evolves and embraces advanced technologies, such as Industry 4.0 and the emerging Industry 5.0, new information security challenges arise. This paper presents an exploratory study of the information security opportunities and challenges in renewable energy supply chains in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Drawing on existing literature and industry insights, the paper identifies sensitive information types that could be at risk, including intellectual property, design and engineering data, supply chain data, operational data, financial data, employee data, operational and business strategies, compliance data, and customer data. The paper discusses how the risk level of these sensitive information types may differ between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, and highlights the potential implications of data breaches, cyber-attacks, and non-compliance in renewable energy supply chains. The paper also identifies opportunities for improving information security in renewable energy supply chains, including the use of advanced technologies for cybersecurity, data privacy protocols, risk management strategies, and industry collaboration. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of information security opportunities and challenges in renewable energy supply chains in the context of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, and provide insights for renewable energy companies, policymakers, and other stakeholders to proactively address information security risks and leverage opportunities for sustainable and secure renewable energy supply chains.