TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of the apolipoprotein E genotype on response to personalized dietary advice intervention
T2 - findings from the Food4Me randomized controlled trial
AU - Fallaize, Rosalind
AU - Celis-Morales, Carlos
AU - Macready, Anna L
AU - Marsaux, Cyril Fm
AU - Forster, Hannah
AU - O'Donovan, Clare
AU - Woolhead, Clara
AU - San-Cristobal, Rodrigo
AU - Kolossa, Silvia
AU - Hallmann, Jacqueline
AU - Mavrogianni, Christina
AU - Surwillo, Agnieszka
AU - Livingstone, Katherine M
AU - Moschonis, George
AU - Navas-Carretero, Santiago
AU - Walsh, Marianne C
AU - Gibney, Eileen R
AU - Brennan, Lorraine
AU - Bouwman, Jildau
AU - Grimaldi, Keith
AU - Manios, Yannis
AU - Traczyk, Iwona
AU - Drevon, Christian A
AU - Martinez, J Alfredo
AU - Daniel, Hannelore
AU - Saris, Wim Hm
AU - Gibney, Michael J
AU - Mathers, John C
AU - Lovegrove, Julie A
AU - Food4Me Study
N1 - This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Rosalind Fallaize, et al, 'The effect of the apolipoprotein E genotype on response to personalized dietary advice intervention: findings from the Food4Me randomized controlled trial'.
The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 104(3) August 2016, DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.135012.
© 2016 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2016/8/10
Y1 - 2016/8/10
N2 - BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN).OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3).DESIGN: Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models.RESULTS: Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035; E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025).CONCLUSIONS: The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
AB - BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN).OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3).DESIGN: Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models.RESULTS: Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035; E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025).CONCLUSIONS: The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.116.135012
DO - 10.3945/ajcn.116.135012
M3 - Article
C2 - 27510539
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 104
SP - 827
EP - 836
JO - The American journal of clinical nutrition
JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition
IS - 3
ER -