The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS

the UVCANDELS team; Xin Wang; Harry I. Teplitz; Brent M. Smith; Rogier A. Windhorst; Marc Rafelski; Vihang Mehta; Anahita Alavi; Zhiyuan Ji; Gabriel Brammer; James Colbert; Norman Grogin; Nimish P. Hathi; Anton M. Koekemoer; Laura Prichard; Claudia Scarlata; Ben Sunnquist; Pablo Arrabal Haro; Christopher Conselice; Eric Gawiser; Yicheng Guo; Matthew Hayes; Rolf A. Jansen; Ray A. Lucas; Robert O’Connell; Brant Robertson; Michael Rutkowski; Brian Siana; Eros Vanzella; Teresa Ashcraft; Micaela Bagley; Ivano Baronchelli; Guillermo Barro; Alex Blanche; Adam Broussard; Timothy Carleton; Nima Chartab; Yingjie Cheng; Alex Codoreanu; Seth Cohen; Y. Sophia Dai; Behnam Darvish; Romeel Davé; Laura DeGroot; Duilia De Mello; Mark Dickinson; Najmeh Emami; Henry Ferguson; Leonardo Ferreira; Keely Finkelstein; Sugata Kaviraj

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab

The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS

the UVCANDELS team, Xin Wang, Harry I. Teplitz, Brent M. Smith, Rogier A. Windhorst, Marc Rafelski, Vihang Mehta, Anahita Alavi, Zhiyuan Ji, Gabriel Brammer, James Colbert, Norman Grogin, Nimish P. Hathi, Anton M. Koekemoer, Laura Prichard, Claudia Scarlata, Ben Sunnquist, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Christopher Conselice, Eric GawiserYicheng Guo, Matthew Hayes, Rolf A. Jansen, Ray A. Lucas, Robert O’Connell, Brant Robertson, Michael Rutkowski, Brian Siana, Eros Vanzella, Teresa Ashcraft, Micaela Bagley, Ivano Baronchelli, Guillermo Barro, Alex Blanche, Adam Broussard, Timothy Carleton, Nima Chartab, Yingjie Cheng, Alex Codoreanu, Seth Cohen, Y. Sophia Dai, Behnam Darvish, Romeel Davé, Laura DeGroot, Duilia De Mello, Mark Dickinson, Najmeh Emami, Henry Ferguson, Leonardo Ferreira, Keely Finkelstein, Sugata Kaviraj

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Abstract

The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction ( fescabs ) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. Our stacking benefits from the catalogs of high-quality spectroscopic redshifts compiled from archival ground-based data and HST slitless spectroscopy, carefully vetted by dedicated visual inspection efforts. We develop a robust stacking method to apply to 10 samples of in total 56 galaxies, and perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation, to take into account the sample variance of the mean IGM transmission when measuring fescabs . The full stack at z ≈ 2.44 from 28 galaxies places a stringent 1σ upper limit of fescabs≲5% , whereas the full stack at z ≈ 2.72 of an equal number of galaxies gives an upper limit of fescabs≲26% at 1σ confidence level. These new F275W and F435W imaging mosaics from UVCANDELS have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

Original language	English
Article number	74
Pages (from-to)	1-22
Number of pages	22
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	980
Issue number	1
Early online date	5 Feb 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab
Publication status	Published - 10 Feb 2025

Keywords

Intergalactic medium
Ultraviolet surveys
Reionization
Galaxy evolution
High-redshift galaxies

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10.3847/1538-4357/ada4abLicence: CC BY

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© 2025 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 6.09 MBLicence: CC BY

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the UVCANDELS team, Wang, X., Teplitz, H. I., Smith, B. M., Windhorst, R. A., Rafelski, M., Mehta, V., Alavi, A., Ji, Z., Brammer, G., Colbert, J., Grogin, N., Hathi, N. P., Koekemoer, A. M., Prichard, L., Scarlata, C., Sunnquist, B., Haro, P. A., Conselice, C., ... Kaviraj, S. (2025). The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS. The Astrophysical Journal, 980(1), 1-22. Article 74. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab

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title = "The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS",

abstract = "The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction ( fescabs ) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. Our stacking benefits from the catalogs of high-quality spectroscopic redshifts compiled from archival ground-based data and HST slitless spectroscopy, carefully vetted by dedicated visual inspection efforts. We develop a robust stacking method to apply to 10 samples of in total 56 galaxies, and perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation, to take into account the sample variance of the mean IGM transmission when measuring fescabs . The full stack at z ≈ 2.44 from 28 galaxies places a stringent 1σ upper limit of fescabs≲5% , whereas the full stack at z ≈ 2.72 of an equal number of galaxies gives an upper limit of fescabs≲26% at 1σ confidence level. These new F275W and F435W imaging mosaics from UVCANDELS have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.",

keywords = "Intergalactic medium, Ultraviolet surveys, Reionization, Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxies",

author = "{the UVCANDELS team} and Xin Wang and Teplitz, {Harry I.} and Smith, {Brent M.} and Windhorst, {Rogier A.} and Marc Rafelski and Vihang Mehta and Anahita Alavi and Zhiyuan Ji and Gabriel Brammer and James Colbert and Norman Grogin and Hathi, {Nimish P.} and Koekemoer, {Anton M.} and Laura Prichard and Claudia Scarlata and Ben Sunnquist and Haro, {Pablo Arrabal} and Christopher Conselice and Eric Gawiser and Yicheng Guo and Matthew Hayes and Jansen, {Rolf A.} and Lucas, {Ray A.} and Robert O{\textquoteright}Connell and Brant Robertson and Michael Rutkowski and Brian Siana and Eros Vanzella and Teresa Ashcraft and Micaela Bagley and Ivano Baronchelli and Guillermo Barro and Alex Blanche and Adam Broussard and Timothy Carleton and Nima Chartab and Yingjie Cheng and Alex Codoreanu and Seth Cohen and Dai, {Y. Sophia} and Behnam Darvish and Romeel Dav{\'e} and Laura DeGroot and Mello, {Duilia De} and Mark Dickinson and Najmeh Emami and Henry Ferguson and Leonardo Ferreira and Keely Finkelstein and Sugata Kaviraj",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ",

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month = feb,

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doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab",

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journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

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the UVCANDELS team, Wang, X, Teplitz, HI, Smith, BM, Windhorst, RA, Rafelski, M, Mehta, V, Alavi, A, Ji, Z, Brammer, G, Colbert, J, Grogin, N, Hathi, NP, Koekemoer, AM, Prichard, L, Scarlata, C, Sunnquist, B, Haro, PA, Conselice, C, Gawiser, E, Guo, Y, Hayes, M, Jansen, RA, Lucas, RA, O’Connell, R, Robertson, B, Rutkowski, M, Siana, B, Vanzella, E, Ashcraft, T, Bagley, M, Baronchelli, I, Barro, G, Blanche, A, Broussard, A, Carleton, T, Chartab, N, Cheng, Y, Codoreanu, A, Cohen, S, Dai, YS, Darvish, B, Davé, R, DeGroot, L, Mello, DD, Dickinson, M, Emami, N, Ferguson, H, Ferreira, L, Finkelstein, K & Kaviraj, S 2025, 'The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 980, no. 1, 74, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS

AU - the UVCANDELS team

AU - Wang, Xin

AU - Teplitz, Harry I.

AU - Smith, Brent M.

AU - Windhorst, Rogier A.

AU - Rafelski, Marc

AU - Mehta, Vihang

AU - Alavi, Anahita

AU - Ji, Zhiyuan

AU - Brammer, Gabriel

AU - Colbert, James

AU - Grogin, Norman

AU - Hathi, Nimish P.

AU - Koekemoer, Anton M.

AU - Prichard, Laura

AU - Scarlata, Claudia

AU - Sunnquist, Ben

AU - Haro, Pablo Arrabal

AU - Conselice, Christopher

AU - Gawiser, Eric

AU - Guo, Yicheng

AU - Hayes, Matthew

AU - Jansen, Rolf A.

AU - Lucas, Ray A.

AU - O’Connell, Robert

AU - Robertson, Brant

AU - Rutkowski, Michael

AU - Siana, Brian

AU - Vanzella, Eros

AU - Ashcraft, Teresa

AU - Bagley, Micaela

AU - Baronchelli, Ivano

AU - Barro, Guillermo

AU - Blanche, Alex

AU - Broussard, Adam

AU - Carleton, Timothy

AU - Chartab, Nima

AU - Cheng, Yingjie

AU - Codoreanu, Alex

AU - Cohen, Seth

AU - Dai, Y. Sophia

AU - Darvish, Behnam

AU - Davé, Romeel

AU - DeGroot, Laura

AU - Mello, Duilia De

AU - Dickinson, Mark

AU - Emami, Najmeh

AU - Ferguson, Henry

AU - Ferreira, Leonardo

AU - Finkelstein, Keely

AU - Kaviraj, Sugata

N1 - © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PY - 2025/2/10

Y1 - 2025/2/10

N2 - The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction ( fescabs ) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. Our stacking benefits from the catalogs of high-quality spectroscopic redshifts compiled from archival ground-based data and HST slitless spectroscopy, carefully vetted by dedicated visual inspection efforts. We develop a robust stacking method to apply to 10 samples of in total 56 galaxies, and perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation, to take into account the sample variance of the mean IGM transmission when measuring fescabs . The full stack at z ≈ 2.44 from 28 galaxies places a stringent 1σ upper limit of fescabs≲5% , whereas the full stack at z ≈ 2.72 of an equal number of galaxies gives an upper limit of fescabs≲26% at 1σ confidence level. These new F275W and F435W imaging mosaics from UVCANDELS have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

AB - The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction ( fescabs ) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts at 2.4 ≤ z ≤ 3.0. Our stacking benefits from the catalogs of high-quality spectroscopic redshifts compiled from archival ground-based data and HST slitless spectroscopy, carefully vetted by dedicated visual inspection efforts. We develop a robust stacking method to apply to 10 samples of in total 56 galaxies, and perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuation, to take into account the sample variance of the mean IGM transmission when measuring fescabs . The full stack at z ≈ 2.44 from 28 galaxies places a stringent 1σ upper limit of fescabs≲5% , whereas the full stack at z ≈ 2.72 of an equal number of galaxies gives an upper limit of fescabs≲26% at 1σ confidence level. These new F275W and F435W imaging mosaics from UVCANDELS have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

KW - Intergalactic medium

KW - Ultraviolet surveys

KW - Reionization

KW - Galaxy evolution

KW - High-redshift galaxies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85219677954&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ada4ab

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 980

SP - 1

EP - 22

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 74

ER -

The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at 2.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.0 from UVCANDELS

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