The Pristine Survey IV: Approaching the Galactic metallicity floor with the discovery of an ultra metal-poor star

Else Starkenburg, David S. Aguado, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Elisabetta Caffau, Pascale Jablonka, Carmela Lardo, Nicolas Martin, Ruben Sanchez-Janssen, Federico Sestito, Kim A. Venn, Kris Youakim, Carlos Allende Prieto, Anke Arentsen, Marc Gentile, Jonay I. Gonzalez Hernandez, Collin Kielty, Helmer H. Koppelman, Nicolas Longeard, Eline Tolstoy, Raymond G. CarlbergPatrick Cote, Morgan Fouesneau, Vanessa Hill, Alan W. McConnachie, Julio F. Navarro

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Abstract

The early Universe presented a star formation environment that was almost devoid of heavy elements. The lowest metallicity stars thus provide a unique window into the earliest Galactic stages, but are exceedingly rare and difficult to find. Here we present the discovery of an ultra-metal-poor star, Pristine_221.8781+9.7844, using narrow-band Ca H&K photometry from the Pristine survey. Follow-up medium and high-resolution spectroscopy confirms the ultra-metal-poor nature of Pristine_221.8781+9.7844 ([Fe/H] = -4.66 +/- 0.13 in 1D LTE) with an enhancement of 0.3-0.4 dex in alpha-elements relative to Fe, and an unusually low carbon abundance. We derive an upper limit of A(C) = 5.6, well below typical A(C) values for such ultra metal-poor stars. This makes Pristine_221.8781+9.7844 one of the most metal-poor stars; in fact, it is very similar to the most metal-poor star known (SDSS J102915+172927). The existence of a class of ultra metal-poor stars with low(er) carbon abundances suggest that there must have been several formation channels in the early Universe through which long-lived, low-mass stars were formed.
Original languageUndefined/Unknown
JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 11 Jul 2018

Keywords

  • astro-ph.SR
  • astro-ph.GA

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