The Role of Patient-Reported Experience and Outcome Measures in Kidney Health Equity-Oriented Quality Improvement: Patient-reported experience and outcome measures in nephrology

Risk, prevalence, management, and outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are influenced by social and broader determinants of health. Consequently, there are wide-ranging kidney health inequities. As patients are key stakeholders, their perspectives on the care they receive and on health status are central in guiding health system improvement, particularly to reduce the impact of disadvantage. Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important self-report tools in quality improvement, acting to guide initatives aimed at enhancing access to timely and relevant support. However, the extent to which PREMs and PROMs address the reduction of kidney health inequities is unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize how PREMs and PROMs are designed and implemented, highlighting key dimensions that are integral to health equity-oriented quality improvement in kidney care. There are several problems yet to be overcome so that such tools do not unintentionally reproduce kidney health gaps. Inclusive generation of the scope of tools, transparent reporting on attributes of patients who engage, and embedding PREMs and PROMs within a framework of value-based quality improvement is fundamental to their impact as part of equitable health system transformation.