TY - JOUR
T1 - The Tripartite Rhizobacteria-AM Fungal-Host Plant Relationship in Winter Wheat: Impact of Multi-Species Inoculation, Tillage Regime and Naturally Occurring Rhizobacteria Species
AU - Wilkes, Thomas
AU - Warner, Douglas
AU - Edmonds-Brown, Veronica
AU - Davies, Keith
AU - Denholm, Ian
N1 - © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
PY - 2021/7/2
Y1 - 2021/7/2
N2 - Soils and plant root rhizospheres have diverse microorganism profiles. Components of this naturally occurring microbiome, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), may be beneficial to plant growth. Supplementary application to host plants of AM fungi and PGPR either as single species or multiple species inoculants has the potential to enhance this symbiotic relationship further. Single species interactions have been described; the nature of multi-species tripartite relationships between AM fungi, PGPR and the host plant require further scrutiny. The impact of select
Bacilli spp. rhizobacteria and the AM fungus
Rhizophagus intraradices as both single and combined inoculations (PGPR
[i] and AMF
[i]) within field extracted arable soils of two tillage treatments, conventional soil inversion (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) at winter wheat growth stages GS30 and GS39 have been conducted. The naturally occurring soil borne species (PGPR
[s] and AMF
[s]) have been determined by qPCR analysis. Significant differences (
p < 0.05) were evident between inocula treatments and the method of seedbed preparation. A positive impact on wheat plant growth was noted for
B. amyloliquefaciens applied as both a single inoculant (PGPR
[i]) and in combination with
R. intraradices (PGPR
[i] + AMF
[i]); however, the two treatments did not differ significantly from each other. The findings are discussed in the context of the inocula applied and the naturally occurring soil borne PGPR
[s] present in the field extracted soil under each method of tillage.
AB - Soils and plant root rhizospheres have diverse microorganism profiles. Components of this naturally occurring microbiome, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), may be beneficial to plant growth. Supplementary application to host plants of AM fungi and PGPR either as single species or multiple species inoculants has the potential to enhance this symbiotic relationship further. Single species interactions have been described; the nature of multi-species tripartite relationships between AM fungi, PGPR and the host plant require further scrutiny. The impact of select
Bacilli spp. rhizobacteria and the AM fungus
Rhizophagus intraradices as both single and combined inoculations (PGPR
[i] and AMF
[i]) within field extracted arable soils of two tillage treatments, conventional soil inversion (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) at winter wheat growth stages GS30 and GS39 have been conducted. The naturally occurring soil borne species (PGPR
[s] and AMF
[s]) have been determined by qPCR analysis. Significant differences (
p < 0.05) were evident between inocula treatments and the method of seedbed preparation. A positive impact on wheat plant growth was noted for
B. amyloliquefaciens applied as both a single inoculant (PGPR
[i]) and in combination with
R. intraradices (PGPR
[i] + AMF
[i]); however, the two treatments did not differ significantly from each other. The findings are discussed in the context of the inocula applied and the naturally occurring soil borne PGPR
[s] present in the field extracted soil under each method of tillage.
KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
KW - plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
KW - wheat
KW - soil inoculum
KW - multi-species interactions
KW - Bacillus amlyoliquefaciens
KW - Rhizophagus intraradices
U2 - 10.3390/plants10071357
DO - 10.3390/plants10071357
M3 - Article
C2 - 34371559
VL - 10
JO - Plants
JF - Plants
IS - 7
M1 - 1357
ER -