@inproceedings{f5185385c350433896d97096bf67b979,
title = "Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions",
abstract = "We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the {\"O}resund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.",
keywords = "Adriatic Sea, Aveiro, Eastern Mediterranean, EMERGE, Environmental impacts, Health impacts, Impacts, OpenDrift, Shipping, SILAM, Solent Strait, STEAM, WRF-CMAQ, {\"O}resund Strait",
author = "J. Kukkonen and E. Fridell and Jalkanen, {J. P.} and J. Moldanova and L. Ntziachristos and A. Grigoriadis and F. Barmpas and G. Tsegas and A. Maragkidou and Mikhail Sofiev and T. Gr{\"o}nholm and E. Majam{\"a}ki and J. Borken-Kleefeld and Sokhi, {R. S.} and Tiwari, {P. R.} and Ozdemir, {U. A.} and V. Zervakis and E. Krasakopoulou and Hassell{\"o}v, {I. M.} and E. Ytreberg and I. Williams and M. Hudson and L. Zapata-Restrepo and Hole, {L. R.} and M. Aghito and O. Breivik and M. Petrovic and S. Rodriguez-Mozaz and A. Ktoris and M. Neophytou and A. Monteiro and Russo, {M. A.} and F. Oikonomou and P. Arampatzi and A. Gondikas and A. Marcomini and E. Giubilato and L. Calgaro and Jaakkola, {J. J.K.} and Kiiham{\"a}ki, {S. P.} and R. Aittamaa and G. Brostr{\"o}m and M. Hassell{\"o}v and J. Tamminen and F. Nicolas and J. Kaitaranta and M. Granberg and K. Magnusson",
note = "Funding Information: Fig. 2 Preliminary model results on the transport and fate of phenantrene emissions from shipping activity in the European sea regions (panel on the left) and in the {\"O}resund area and its surroundings (panel on the right), computed using the OpenDrift-ChemicalDrift model. The legend (colours) indicates the chemical species. The shipping emission data was provided by the STEAM model (data from January–February 2019). The forcing data was extracted from the global models HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean model) and CMEMS (Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service) Acknowledgements This work has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 874990 (EMERGE project). This work reflects only the authors{\textquoteright} view and the Innovation and European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Funding Information: This work has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 874990 (EMERGE project). This work reflects only the authors{\textquoteright} view and the Innovation and European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.; 38th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, ITM 2021 ; Conference date: 18-10-2021 Through 22-10-2021",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_44",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783031127854",
series = "Springer Proceedings in Complexity",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
pages = "329--336",
editor = "Clemens Mensink and Oriol Jorba",
booktitle = "Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII",
}