V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey

J.~R. Callingham; T.~W. Shimwell; H.~K. Vedantham; C.~G. Bassa; S.~P. O'Sullivan; T.~W.~H. Yiu; S. Bloot; P.~N. Best; M.~J. Hardcastle; M. Haverkorn; R.~D. Kavanagh; L. Lamy; B.~J.~S. Pope; H.~J.~A. Röttgering; D.~J. Schwarz; C. Tasse; R.~J. van Weeren; G.~J. White; P. Zarka; D.~J. Bomans; A. Bonafede; M. Bonato; A. Botteon; M. Bruggen; K.~T. Chyży; A. Drabent; K.~L. Emig; A.~J. Gloudemans; G. Gürkan; M. Hajduk; D.~N. Hoang; M. Hoeft; M. Iacobelli; M. Kadler; M. Kunert-Bajraszewska; B. Mingo; L.~K. Morabito; D.~G. Nair; M. Pérez-Torres; T.~P. Ray; C.~J. Riseley; A. Rowlinson; A. Shulevski; F. Sweijen; R. Timmerman; M. Vaccari; J. Zheng

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245567

V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey

J.~R. Callingham, T.~W. Shimwell, H.~K. Vedantham, C.~G. Bassa, S.~P. O'Sullivan, T.~W.~H. Yiu, S. Bloot, P.~N. Best, M.~J. Hardcastle, M. Haverkorn, R.~D. Kavanagh, L. Lamy, B.~J.~S. Pope, H.~J.~A. Röttgering, D.~J. Schwarz, C. Tasse, R.~J. van Weeren, G.~J. White, P. Zarka, D.~J. BomansA. Bonafede, M. Bonato, A. Botteon, M. Bruggen, K.~T. Chyży, A. Drabent, K.~L. Emig, A.~J. Gloudemans, G. Gürkan, M. Hajduk, D.~N. Hoang, M. Hoeft, M. Iacobelli, M. Kadler, M. Kunert-Bajraszewska, B. Mingo, L.~K. Morabito, D.~G. Nair, M. Pérez-Torres, T.~P. Ray, C.~J. Riseley, A. Rowlinson, A. Shulevski, F. Sweijen, R. Timmerman, M. Vaccari, J. Zheng

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Abstract

We present the detection of 68 sources from the most sensitive radio survey in circular polarisation conducted to date. We used the second data release of the 144 MHz LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey to produce circularly polarised maps with a median noise of 140 µJy beam1 and resolution of 203 for 27% of the northern sky (5634 deg2). The leakage of total intensity into circular polarisation is measured to be 0.06%, and our survey is complete at flux densities ¥1 mJy. A detection is considered reliable when the circularly polarised fraction exceeds 1%. We find the population of circularly polarised sources is composed of four distinct classes: stellar systems, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and sources unidentified in the literature. The stellar systems can be further separated into chromospherically active stars, M dwarfs, and brown dwarfs. Based on the circularly polarised fraction and lack of an optical counterpart, we show it is possible to infer whether the unidentified sources are likely unknown pulsars or brown dwarfs. By the completion of this survey of the northern sky, we expect to detect 300±100 circularly polarised sources.

Original language	English
Article number	A124
Number of pages	15
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	670
Early online date	17 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245567
Publication status	Published - 17 Feb 2023

Keywords

surveys
catalogs
radio continuum: general
polarization
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Surveys
Polarization
Radio continuum: general
Catalogs

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© The Authors 2023. This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).
Final published version, 5.97 MBLicence: CC BY

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Callingham, J. R., Shimwell, T. W., Vedantham, H. K., Bassa, C. G., O'Sullivan, S. P., Yiu, T. W. H., Bloot, S., Best, P. N., Hardcastle, M. J., Haverkorn, M., Kavanagh, R. D., Lamy, L., Pope, B. J. S., Röttgering, H. J. A., Schwarz, D. J., Tasse, C., van Weeren, R. J., White, G. J., Zarka, P., ... Zheng, J. (2023). V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 670, Article A124. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245567

@article{835625a8e02243d09c01a2662ae3e420,

title = "V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey",

abstract = "We present the detection of 68 sources from the most sensitive radio survey in circular polarisation conducted to date. We used the second data release of the 144 MHz LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey to produce circularly polarised maps with a median noise of 140 µJy beam1 and resolution of 203 for 27% of the northern sky (5634 deg2). The leakage of total intensity into circular polarisation is measured to be 0.06%, and our survey is complete at flux densities ¥1 mJy. A detection is considered reliable when the circularly polarised fraction exceeds 1%. We find the population of circularly polarised sources is composed of four distinct classes: stellar systems, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and sources unidentified in the literature. The stellar systems can be further separated into chromospherically active stars, M dwarfs, and brown dwarfs. Based on the circularly polarised fraction and lack of an optical counterpart, we show it is possible to infer whether the unidentified sources are likely unknown pulsars or brown dwarfs. By the completion of this survey of the northern sky, we expect to detect 300±100 circularly polarised sources.",

keywords = "surveys, catalogs, radio continuum: general, polarization, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Surveys, Polarization, Radio continuum: general, Catalogs",

author = "J.~R. Callingham and T.~W. Shimwell and H.~K. Vedantham and C.~G. Bassa and S.~P. O'Sullivan and T.~W.~H. Yiu and S. Bloot and P.~N. Best and M.~J. Hardcastle and M. Haverkorn and R.~D. Kavanagh and L. Lamy and B.~J.~S. Pope and H.~J.~A. R{\"o}ttgering and D.~J. Schwarz and C. Tasse and {van Weeren}, R.~J. and G.~J. White and P. Zarka and D.~J. Bomans and A. Bonafede and M. Bonato and A. Botteon and M. Bruggen and K.~T. Chy{\.z}y and A. Drabent and K.~L. Emig and A.~J. Gloudemans and G. G{\"u}rkan and M. Hajduk and D.~N. Hoang and M. Hoeft and M. Iacobelli and M. Kadler and M. Kunert-Bajraszewska and B. Mingo and L.~K. Morabito and D.~G. Nair and M. P{\'e}rez-Torres and T.~P. Ray and C.~J. Riseley and A. Rowlinson and A. Shulevski and F. Sweijen and R. Timmerman and M. Vaccari and J. Zheng",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Authors 2023. This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "17",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202245567",

language = "English",

volume = "670",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

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Callingham, JR, Shimwell, TW, Vedantham, HK, Bassa, CG, O'Sullivan, SP, Yiu, TWH, Bloot, S, Best, PN, Hardcastle, MJ, Haverkorn, M, Kavanagh, RD, Lamy, L, Pope, BJS, Röttgering, HJA, Schwarz, DJ, Tasse, C, van Weeren, RJ, White, GJ, Zarka, P, Bomans, DJ, Bonafede, A, Bonato, M, Botteon, A, Bruggen, M, Chyży, KT, Drabent, A, Emig, KL, Gloudemans, AJ, Gürkan, G, Hajduk, M, Hoang, DN, Hoeft, M, Iacobelli, M, Kadler, M, Kunert-Bajraszewska, M, Mingo, B, Morabito, LK, Nair, DG, Pérez-Torres, M, Ray, TP, Riseley, CJ, Rowlinson, A, Shulevski, A, Sweijen, F, Timmerman, R, Vaccari, M & Zheng, J 2023, 'V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 670, A124. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245567

TY - JOUR

T1 - V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey

AU - Callingham, J.~R.

AU - Shimwell, T.~W.

AU - Vedantham, H.~K.

AU - Bassa, C.~G.

AU - O'Sullivan, S.~P.

AU - Yiu, T.~W.~H.

AU - Bloot, S.

AU - Best, P.~N.

AU - Hardcastle, M.~J.

AU - Haverkorn, M.

AU - Kavanagh, R.~D.

AU - Lamy, L.

AU - Pope, B.~J.~S.

AU - Röttgering, H.~J.~A.

AU - Schwarz, D.~J.

AU - Tasse, C.

AU - van Weeren, R.~J.

AU - White, G.~J.

AU - Zarka, P.

AU - Bomans, D.~J.

AU - Bonafede, A.

AU - Bonato, M.

AU - Botteon, A.

AU - Bruggen, M.

AU - Chyży, K.~T.

AU - Drabent, A.

AU - Emig, K.~L.

AU - Gloudemans, A.~J.

AU - Gürkan, G.

AU - Hajduk, M.

AU - Hoang, D.~N.

AU - Hoeft, M.

AU - Iacobelli, M.

AU - Kadler, M.

AU - Kunert-Bajraszewska, M.

AU - Mingo, B.

AU - Morabito, L.~K.

AU - Nair, D.~G.

AU - Pérez-Torres, M.

AU - Ray, T.~P.

AU - Riseley, C.~J.

AU - Rowlinson, A.

AU - Shulevski, A.

AU - Sweijen, F.

AU - Timmerman, R.

AU - Vaccari, M.

AU - Zheng, J.

N1 - © The Authors 2023. This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).

PY - 2023/2/17

Y1 - 2023/2/17

N2 - We present the detection of 68 sources from the most sensitive radio survey in circular polarisation conducted to date. We used the second data release of the 144 MHz LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey to produce circularly polarised maps with a median noise of 140 µJy beam1 and resolution of 203 for 27% of the northern sky (5634 deg2). The leakage of total intensity into circular polarisation is measured to be 0.06%, and our survey is complete at flux densities ¥1 mJy. A detection is considered reliable when the circularly polarised fraction exceeds 1%. We find the population of circularly polarised sources is composed of four distinct classes: stellar systems, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and sources unidentified in the literature. The stellar systems can be further separated into chromospherically active stars, M dwarfs, and brown dwarfs. Based on the circularly polarised fraction and lack of an optical counterpart, we show it is possible to infer whether the unidentified sources are likely unknown pulsars or brown dwarfs. By the completion of this survey of the northern sky, we expect to detect 300±100 circularly polarised sources.

AB - We present the detection of 68 sources from the most sensitive radio survey in circular polarisation conducted to date. We used the second data release of the 144 MHz LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey to produce circularly polarised maps with a median noise of 140 µJy beam1 and resolution of 203 for 27% of the northern sky (5634 deg2). The leakage of total intensity into circular polarisation is measured to be 0.06%, and our survey is complete at flux densities ¥1 mJy. A detection is considered reliable when the circularly polarised fraction exceeds 1%. We find the population of circularly polarised sources is composed of four distinct classes: stellar systems, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, and sources unidentified in the literature. The stellar systems can be further separated into chromospherically active stars, M dwarfs, and brown dwarfs. Based on the circularly polarised fraction and lack of an optical counterpart, we show it is possible to infer whether the unidentified sources are likely unknown pulsars or brown dwarfs. By the completion of this survey of the northern sky, we expect to detect 300±100 circularly polarised sources.

KW - surveys

KW - catalogs

KW - radio continuum: general

KW - polarization

KW - Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

KW - Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

KW - Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

KW - Surveys

KW - Polarization

KW - Radio continuum: general

KW - Catalogs

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148673364&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202245567

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202245567

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 670

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A124

ER -

V-LoTSS: The circularly polarised LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey

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