University of Hertfordshire

From the same journal

From the same journal

By the same authors

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Standard

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. / Sabater, J.; Best, P. N.; Tasse, C.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Shimwell, T. W.; Nisbet, D.; Jelic, V.; Callingham, J. R.; Rottgering, H. J. A.; Bonato, M.; Bondi, M.; Ciardi, B.; Cochrane, R. K.; Jarvis, M. J.; Kondapally, R.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; O'Sullivan, S. P.; Prandoni, I.; Schwarz, D. J.; Smith, D. J. B.; Wang, L.; Williams, W. L.; Zaroubi, S.

In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, 31.07.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Harvard

Sabater, J, Best, PN, Tasse, C, Hardcastle, MJ, Shimwell, TW, Nisbet, D, Jelic, V, Callingham, JR, Rottgering, HJA, Bonato, M, Bondi, M, Ciardi, B, Cochrane, RK, Jarvis, MJ, Kondapally, R, Koopmans, LVE, O'Sullivan, SP, Prandoni, I, Schwarz, DJ, Smith, DJB, Wang, L, Williams, WL & Zaroubi, S 2020, 'The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field', Astronomy & Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038828

APA

Sabater, J., Best, P. N., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Shimwell, T. W., Nisbet, D., Jelic, V., Callingham, J. R., Rottgering, H. J. A., Bonato, M., Bondi, M., Ciardi, B., Cochrane, R. K., Jarvis, M. J., Kondapally, R., Koopmans, L. V. E., O'Sullivan, S. P., Prandoni, I., Schwarz, D. J., ... Zaroubi, S. (Accepted/In press). The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038828

Vancouver

Sabater J, Best PN, Tasse C, Hardcastle MJ, Shimwell TW, Nisbet D et al. The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020 Jul 31. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038828

Author

Sabater, J. ; Best, P. N. ; Tasse, C. ; Hardcastle, M. J. ; Shimwell, T. W. ; Nisbet, D. ; Jelic, V. ; Callingham, J. R. ; Rottgering, H. J. A. ; Bonato, M. ; Bondi, M. ; Ciardi, B. ; Cochrane, R. K. ; Jarvis, M. J. ; Kondapally, R. ; Koopmans, L. V. E. ; O'Sullivan, S. P. ; Prandoni, I. ; Schwarz, D. J. ; Smith, D. J. B. ; Wang, L. ; Williams, W. L. ; Zaroubi, S. / The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020.

Bibtex

@article{f33a333f8eeb45ec8e5dc169e09734e9,
title = "The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field",
abstract = " The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ~10 microJy/bm over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 hours, it reaches a root mean square (RMS) noise level below 20 microJy/bm in the central region (and below 30 microJy/bm over 10 square degrees). The resolution is 6 arcsecs and 84862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 sq. deg.) with 74127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per sq. deg. in the central ~5 sq. deg. region. We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115 to 177 MHz; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5%. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10% for ELAIS-N1. ",
keywords = "astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE",
author = "J. Sabater and Best, {P. N.} and C. Tasse and Hardcastle, {M. J.} and Shimwell, {T. W.} and D. Nisbet and V. Jelic and Callingham, {J. R.} and Rottgering, {H. J. A.} and M. Bonato and M. Bondi and B. Ciardi and Cochrane, {R. K.} and Jarvis, {M. J.} and R. Kondapally and Koopmans, {L. V. E.} and O'Sullivan, {S. P.} and I. Prandoni and Schwarz, {D. J.} and Smith, {D. J. B.} and L. Wang and Williams, {W. L.} and S. Zaroubi",
note = "{\textcopyright} 2020 ESO ",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202038828",
language = "English",
journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
issn = "0004-6361",
publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Deep Fields. II. The ELAIS-N1 LOFAR deep field

AU - Sabater, J.

AU - Best, P. N.

AU - Tasse, C.

AU - Hardcastle, M. J.

AU - Shimwell, T. W.

AU - Nisbet, D.

AU - Jelic, V.

AU - Callingham, J. R.

AU - Rottgering, H. J. A.

AU - Bonato, M.

AU - Bondi, M.

AU - Ciardi, B.

AU - Cochrane, R. K.

AU - Jarvis, M. J.

AU - Kondapally, R.

AU - Koopmans, L. V. E.

AU - O'Sullivan, S. P.

AU - Prandoni, I.

AU - Schwarz, D. J.

AU - Smith, D. J. B.

AU - Wang, L.

AU - Williams, W. L.

AU - Zaroubi, S.

N1 - © 2020 ESO

PY - 2020/7/31

Y1 - 2020/7/31

N2 - The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ~10 microJy/bm over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 hours, it reaches a root mean square (RMS) noise level below 20 microJy/bm in the central region (and below 30 microJy/bm over 10 square degrees). The resolution is 6 arcsecs and 84862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 sq. deg.) with 74127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per sq. deg. in the central ~5 sq. deg. region. We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115 to 177 MHz; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5%. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10% for ELAIS-N1.

AB - The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ~10 microJy/bm over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 hours, it reaches a root mean square (RMS) noise level below 20 microJy/bm in the central region (and below 30 microJy/bm over 10 square degrees). The resolution is 6 arcsecs and 84862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 sq. deg.) with 74127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per sq. deg. in the central ~5 sq. deg. region. We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115 to 177 MHz; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5%. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10% for ELAIS-N1.

KW - astro-ph.GA

KW - astro-ph.HE

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202038828

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202038828

M3 - Article

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

SN - 0004-6361

ER -